BALABHADRA (BALARAMA) Hari Himself likes the service of the Guru, Krishna and Balabhadra meditate at the feet of the Guru. (Gauri Guareri M. 4, p. 165) Balabhadra is another name of Balarama, the elder brother or Krishna. He is known as the incarnation of the white hair of Brahma. In Mahabharata it is stated that Vishnu took two hairs, the white one and the black one. They became Balarama and Krishna, the sons of Devaki.
Thus Balarama was of white complexion and Krishna of black. It is said that Balarama was transferred from Devaki to Rohini, therefore he is considered the half-brother of Krishna. He was brought up by Nanda. He is often regarded as the eighth Avatar ofVishnu. Some consider him as the incarnation of Sheshanaga.
He was a man of great strength and exhibited his might in several exploits alongwith his brother Krishna. He diverted the course of river Yamuna and killed the demons named Dhenuka, Pralamba and Dwivida. He taught both Duryodhana and Bhima the use of mace. He was married to Revati and had two sons : Nisatha and Ulmuka. When Arjuna stole away his sister Subhadra, with the connivance of Krishna, Balarama pursued him, but the reconciliation was brought up by the intervention of Krishna. See : Das Avatars and Krishna
References :
1. Kohli, Surindar Singh, Dictionary of Mythological References in Guru Granth Sahib, 1993
The Significance of Balabhadra (Balarama) in Hindu Mythology
Balabhadra, more commonly known as Balarama, is a pivotal figure in Hindu mythology, revered as the elder brother of Lord Krishna. His stories are intricately woven into the epic Mahabharata, the Bhagavata Purana, and various other texts, where he embodies strength, virtue, and the agricultural spirit. As an avatar of Shesha, the divine serpent who supports the universe, Balarama is both a protector and a preserver in cosmic and earthly realms.
- Protector of Dharma
Balarama is often seen as a guardian of dharma, or righteous living. Although he is not directly involved in some of Krishna’s divine exploits, his adherence to justice and truth serves as a guiding principle. Philosophically, Balarama symbolizes moral strength and the ability to distinguish right from wrong, even when faced with complex challenges. - Symbol of Strength and Agriculture
Balarama is famously associated with the plow, a tool that signifies his deep connection to agriculture and the sustenance of life. His role as an agricultural deity underscores the importance of harmony with nature and the ethical responsibility of humans to nurture the earth. Through this symbolism, Balarama represents the balance between physical strength and the gentler, life-giving forces of cultivation and care.
His association with strength is also reflected in his physical prowess. In various texts, Balarama is depicted as a warrior with immense power, embodying the concept of righteous strength used in the service of good. - Role in the Mahabharata
In the Mahabharata, Balarama plays a somewhat neutral role during the Kurukshetra war, avoiding direct involvement despite being a mentor to Bhima and Duryodhana in the art of mace fighting. His decision to step back symbolizes his adherence to peace and his avoidance of unnecessary conflict—a trait that contrasts with the more dynamic and interventionist role of Krishna. This neutrality highlights Balarama’s philosophical principle of disengaging from destructive paths. - Spiritual Teacher and Guide
As an avatar of Shesha, Balarama is seen as a spiritual guide and teacher. In many narratives, he encourages people to live virtuously and maintain a balance between their worldly duties and spiritual aspirations. His actions often illustrate the importance of discipline, self-control, and loyalty in the pursuit of dharma. - Connection to Devotion
Balarama is deeply revered in Vaishnavism, where his stories emphasize the importance of devotion to the divine. His relationship with Krishna not only exemplifies the bonds of brotherhood but also portrays unwavering support and service to the divine will. This relationship inspires devotees to seek harmony in their relationships and align themselves with higher purposes. - Legacy in Worship
Balarama’s presence in worship is particularly notable in regions like Odisha, where he is venerated alongside Krishna and Subhadra at the Jagannath Temple in Puri. As Lord Jagannath’s elder sibling, Balarama holds an integral role in the temple’s rituals, representing strength and stability that complements Krishna’s playful and divine essence.
Conclusion
Balarama’s significance in Hindu mythology extends beyond his familial ties to Krishna. He embodies the virtues of strength, duty, and harmony with nature, serving as a reminder of the ethical and spiritual responsibilities that humans must uphold. His neutrality, devotion, and connection to agriculture highlight the multifaceted dimensions of a deity who bridges cosmic and earthly realms.
