Explore the daring escape and valiant battles of Englishman Barlow from being a prisoner in Afghanistan to his roles in the Sikh Empire until 1845.
CUNNINGHAM, JOSEPH DAVEY (1812-1851), the first British historian of the Sikhs (his A History of the Sikhs was published in London in 1849), was the eldest of the five sons of Allan Cunningham, a noted poet and playwright. Born at Lambeth on 9 June 1812, Joseph had his early education in private schools in London where he showed such a marked aptitude for mathematics that his father was advised to send him to Cambridge. But as the young boy was more keen on becoming a soldier, a cadetship in the East India Company`s service was procured him through the good offices of Sir Walter Scott.
FUKINAUL, THOMAS, a Frenchman, who during 1822-23 was in Maharaja Ranjit Singh`s service, employed in the gunpowder factory.
Discover the story of HOMMUS, a Spaniard who joined the Khalsa Darbar in 1842, worked in gunpowder, and his untimely death in Lahore. Learn more.
Explore the life of MAHER JOHN, a unique Eurasian musician and drum-major in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's army, highlighting European adventurers in India.
Explore the intriguing journey of RATTRAY, an English soldier who switched allegiance from the Sikh army to Dost Muhammad Khan in 1836. Discover his transformation in Kabul.
Explore Joseph Wolff's 1832 travels in the Punjab, marked by rich encounters and Sikh hospitality despite religious differences. Discover more!
Discover the historical journey of Ata Muhammad Khan Barakzai, Kashmir's governor in 1809, caught in a power struggle over the coveted region.
DILAWAR KHAN, a Mughal chief, who during the closing years of seventeenth century sent his son, referred to as Khanzada in Guru Gobind Singh`s Bachitra Natak, as head of an imperial expedition to exact tribute from the Guru. The young commander, marching with alacrity, reached the vicinity of Anandpur at midnight and intended to surprise the town. But the Guru was alerted by his chamberlain, Alam Chand, and the Sikhs, putting on their armour, rushed out to meet the invaders. The beating of the Ranjit Nagara and the warcries of the Sikhs echoed widely in the stillness of the dark winter`s night, giving an exaggerated estimate of their numbers.
Discover how Guru Arjan Dev redefines the concept of Paradise, prioritizing spiritual devotion over material temptations like the allure of a houri.
