BUNGA: A place of residence for the Sikhs or the place for rest for the pilgrims. There were at least 69 Bungas at Amritsar in the nineteenth century, some of them are still in existence. Another term for the resting hostel for the Sikh pilgrims is Saran. At Darbar Sahib, Amritsar Guru Ram Das Saran has been built for the pilgrims. Another Saran at Darbar Sahib is named Guru Nanak Niwas. Lately, a paid hostel named Aka/ Rest House, too, has been built. There are Sarans attached to almost all of the major Gurdwaras.
References :
1. The Sikh Reference Book, Dr Harjinder Singh Dilgeer 1997
The term Bunga in Sikhism, derived from the Persian word bungah meaning “dwelling place” or “hospice,” holds historical and cultural significance. Bungas were structures built around Sikh shrines, particularly the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) in Amritsar, during the 18th century. These buildings served multiple purposes, including providing accommodation for pilgrims, offering security to the sacred sites, and preserving Sikh traditions.
1. Historical Origins
The concept of Bungas emerged during the time of Sikh misls (confederacies) and Maharaja Ranjit Singh. As Sikh leaders consolidated their power, they constructed Bungas around the Harmandir Sahib to protect the shrine from invasions and desecration. Prominent Sikh leaders, such as Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and Jassa Singh Ramgarhia, contributed to the construction of these structures.
2. Purpose and Function
Bungas served several key functions:
- Accommodation: They provided rest houses for pilgrims visiting Sikh shrines, ensuring comfort and convenience during their spiritual journeys.
- Defense: Bungas housed warriors and served as fortifications to protect the Harmandir Sahib from attacks, particularly during periods of persecution.
- Education and Tradition: Some Bungas became centers for learning and preserving Sikh traditions, fostering a sense of community and cultural continuity.
3. Symbolism
Bungas symbolize the resilience and unity of the Sikh community. They reflect the commitment to safeguarding sacred spaces and upholding the values of service, protection, and devotion. The Akal Bunga, later known as the Akal Takht, established by Guru Hargobind, is a prime example of a Bunga that embodies both spiritual and temporal authority.
4. Legacy
While many Bungas have been lost due to reconstruction and modernization, their historical significance remains deeply ingrained in Sikh heritage. They are remembered as vital components of the Sikh struggle for survival and sovereignty during challenging times.
The Bungas around the Harmandir Sahib and other Sikh shrines stand as testaments to the community’s dedication to preserving its faith and traditions.
