Discover the intense Sikh-Muslim conflict in Punjab over the sacred Gurdwara Shahidganj site in Lahore from 1935 to 1940. Learn about its historic significance.
Explore the Rikabganj Agitation (1913-20), a pivotal Sikh protest against the British demolition of the Gurdwara Rikabganj wall in New Delhi.
BHYROWAL, TREATY OF. See ANGLOSIKH TREATY (BHYROWAL)
Explore India's secret records (1834-1856) at the India Office Library, detailing pivotal events like the Sikh political power and Anglo-Sikh relations.
Discover the heroic tale of the Saragarhi battle fought by 22 Sikh soldiers against overwhelming odds on 12 Sept 1897 in the Tirah region.
BOARD OF ADMINISTRATION, a set of triumvirs appointed by Lord Dalhousie, the British governor general to manage affairs in the Punjab after its annexation on 29 March 1849 to the dominions of the East India Company. The Board consisted of three members. Henry Lawrence, the British resident at Lahore, was named president and entrusted with matters connected with defence and relations with the sardars while his brother, John Lawrence, was put in charge of land settlement. Charles Grenville Mansel, a covenanted civilian, was entrusted with the administration of justice.
Discover Victor Jacquemont's detailed 1829-1832 Indian travels exploring botany, culture, and meeting Maharaja Ranjit Singh. A historical adventure awaits!
COMMUNAL AWARD was an official statement of British government policy in respect of the composition of provincial legislatures as a further step in the transfer of responsibility to the Indian people. The Secretary of State for India presented the terms of the Award to Parliament as command paper 4147, and they were published on 16 August 1932 under the title Communal Decision. The terms of the Award defined the methods of selection and the relative strength of representation of various "communities" in the legislatures as they were expected to be formed under provisions of a new constitution for a federation of Princely Indian states and British Indian provinces, which was being devised at the time and which was given final shape later in the Government of India Act of 1935.In effect, the Award was a political settlement worked out for the people of British India by officials in London.
Explore the JAITO MORCHA, a pivotal Akali agitation for justice in Punjab, challenging British oppression and advocating for Sikh leaders' restoration.
Learn about the Sikandar-Baldev Singh Pact of 1942, a key agreement in Punjab politics uniting Akalis and Unionists to shape the region’s future.
