In Punjabi Letters this term is not current. There is a long tradition of tikas, meaning compositions in which a poetic text is published with every line followed by its meaning in prose, including a brief comment wherever considered necessary by the tikakar.

JAMIAT SINGH, a water supplier by caste from the village of Mahimari Kaharari, in Amritsar district, was the son of Ratan Singh, a personal attendant of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Jamiat Singh continued in the service of Maharaja Duleep Singh as well and remained with him even after his deposition.

LALU, BABA (1444-1542), paternal uncle of Guru Nanak and the son of Shiv Ram and Mata Banarasi, was born at Talvandi Rai Bhoi. He was the younger brother of Mahita Kalu, father of Guru Nanak.

MANSA DEVI, MATA (d. 1569), wife of Guru Amar Das (1479-1574), was the daughter of Bhai Dev Chand, a Bahil Khatri of Sankhaira, a small town in Sialkot district (now in Pakistan). Her marriage to (Guru) Amar Das took place on 11 Magh 1559 Bk/ 8 January 1503, but

MIAN KHIMA, Maharaja Duleep Singh`s favorite Muhammadan attendant who had served him since his childhood. He came with the Maharaja to Fatehgarh after the latter was dethroned and exiled from Lahore by the British in 1849. At Fatehgarh he was replaced by Bhajan Lal, an English educated young Brahman

NIHAL SINGH, of Naushahra near Tarn Taran in Amritsar district of the Punjab, was among the close associates of the Sikh revolutionary, Bhai Maharaj Singh (d. 1856), who assigned him to many a secret mission such as procuring weapons from Charhat Singh, an exkdrddr, and helping Bhai Tek Chand

RAQBA, village 18 km east of Jagraon (30° 47`N, 75° 28`E) in Ludhiana district, has a historical shrine in memory of Guru Hargobind, who travelled in these parts in 1632-33. The shrine is called Damdama Sahib Patshahi VI, and is located in a walled shady grove half a kilometre north

Sethi, Surjit Singh (1928 - ) was born at Gujarkhan, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. He did his M.A. in English and submitted his thesis on Ibsenism (Dramatics) for Ph.D. Primarily a playwright, he writes short stories and novels also. His first full-length play, Coffee house (1958), is a portrayal of \'hollow

Singh, Gurdial born in 1933, is a famous Punjabi novelist, short story writer, and poet. He has written eight novels and five collections of short stories. He presents socio-economic struggle with sentiments and understanding. He did his graduation in 1964 and master of arts (Punjabi) in 1967. Gurdial Singh

Singh, Harbhajan, born on 18th August 1920 and died on 20th November 2002, was an eminent Punjabi poet, critic, scholar and translator. An M.A. (English and Hindi), Gyani and a Ph.D. (on A critical Study of Medieval Hindi Poetry Preserved in Gurmukhi Scripts), he has been at different stages

TEK SINGH, BHAI, a priest at the Golden Temple, Amritsar, was an associate of Bhai Maharaj Singh, leader of the anti British revolt of 1848-49. On receiving a written message from Maharaj Singh, he came to Jalandhar Doab with 30 to 35 men to join the renewed struggle. On