Explore Jangnama, the key Persian account of Ahmad Shah Durrani's 1764-65 crusade against the Sikhs, a pivotal historical source.
Explore Lahina Singh's legacy, capturing Lahore and minting the Sikh coin. Discover his defiance of Ahmad Shah Durrani and leadership in Punjab till 1797.
Discover Mir Mannu's rule in Punjab, his battles, policies, and impact on the Sikhs amid Afghan invasions and internal strife. Learn about his legacy.
Discover Sikh coins as symbols of sovereignty, featuring unique inscriptions dedicated to their Gurus. Uncover the fascinating legacy in numismatics.
Discover the legacy of Taimur Shah, son of Ahmad Shah Durrani. Explore his reign, battles with Sikhs, and his efforts to consolidate the empire.
Explore the origins of the Ahmadiyah Movement, founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in 19th century Punjab, challenging Christian and Hindu influences.
Discover the historical Tazkirah manuscript by Anand Ram Mukhlis, revealing 18th-century Punjab's events and invasions including Nadir Shah's 1739 incursion.
AFGHAN SIKH RELATIONS spanning the years 1748 to 1849 go back to the first invasion of India by Ahmad Shah Durrani, although he must have heard of the Sikhs when in 1739 he accompanied Nadir Shah, the Iranian invader, as a young staff officer. Having occupied Lahore after a minor engagement fought on 11 January 1748 during his first invasion of India, Ahmad Shah advanced towards Sirhind to meet a Mughal army which he was informed was advancing from Delhi to oppose him. On the way he had two slight skirmishes at Sarai Nur Din and at the Vairoval ferry, both in present day Amritsar district, with a Sikh jatha or fighting band under Jassa Singh Ahluvalia.
