GOBINDJAS, RAI (d. 1846) served, like his father Rai Anand Singh, as a vakilor agent of the Sikh kingdom, first at Ludhiana and then at Delhi. His despatches from Ludhiana contain reports concerning various political matters such as the Indus navigation scheme, the Ropar meeting, Alexander Burncs` mission to

THACKWELL, SIR EDWARD JOSEPH (1781-1859), commander of cavalry division of the army of the Sutlej under Lord Hugh Gough in the first Anglo Sikh war was born on 1 February 1781, the son of John Thackwell. A veteran of Peninsula and Waterloo, he assumed command of the army of the

GURMUKH SINGH (1799-1870), son of Fateh Singh , belonged Lo the village of Turig, near Amritsar. In 1816, he joined Maharaja Ranjit Singh `s army. He was given command of 100 horse and placed under Misr Divan Chand and, after the latter`s death in 1825, under Desa Singh Majlthia.

HAKIM RAI, DIWAN (1803-1868), whose forebears had served the Kanhaiya chiefs, was born the son of Kashi Ram in 1803. In 1824, he joined the army of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, but soon rose to the high civilian office of diwan. He became tutor to Karivar Nau Nihal Singh, the Maharaja`s

HOBHOUSE, SIRJOHN CAM (1786-1869), later Lord Brought on, an English writer and statesman, was the eldest son of Sir Benjamin Hob house. Born at Red land, near Bristol, England, on 27 June 1786, he was elected to the House of Commons from Westminster in 1820. He served in Lord Grey`s

INDIA SECRET PROCEEDINGS (1834-1856), a manuscript series of Indian records at the India Office Library, London, succeeding Bengal Secret and Political Consultations (1800-34). It includes the entire range of despatches and correspondence of the North-West Frontier Agency from the heyday of Sikh political power in the Punjab down to the

JAVAND SINGH MOKAL (d. 1840), soldier and courtier of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. His father, Thakur Singh, held a minor command. Javand Singh joined the Sikh army as a trooper. He was placed under Diwan Muhkam Chand and took pan in the battle fought near Attock, in July 1813. The

JIVAN SINGH CHHACHHI (d. 1852), son of Uttam Singh, a Kohli Khatri, was a military commander in Sikh times. His father and grandfather had also served under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Jivan Singh`s contingent, consisting of sixty-five horse, five zamburds or camelswivels, and a kettledrum, was known all along the

KHEM KAUR, daughter of Jodh Singh Kalalvala and granddaughter of Sahib Singh Bharigt of Gujrat, was married in 1816 to Prince Kharak Singh, eldest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. She survived her husband and helped anti British forces in the second Anglo Sikh war (1849) for which reason her

AJUDHIA PARSHAD, DIWAN (1799-1870), soldier and civil administrator in Sikh times, was the adopted son of Diwan Ganga Ram. Maharaja Ranjit Singh first employed Ajudhia Parshad in 1819 to serve in the military office in Kashmir. Three years later, he was recalled to Lahore and appointed paymaster of the

LITTLER, SIRJOHN HUNTER (1783-1856), garrison commander at Firozpur, the concentration point of British forward movement preparatory to the first Anglo Sikh war, was born on 6 January 1783 at Tarvin, Cheshire, England. He joined the 10th Bengal Native Infantry in August 1800 and served in the campaigns under Lord Lake

BARLOW (d. 1845) an Englishman, while serving with 44th Foot, was taken prisoner by the Afghans during the British retreat from Afghanistan in 1841. In 1843, he escaped from prison, came to Lahore and entered the service of the Sikh Darbar. Barlow fought against the British in the first