Discover the rich history and significance of 'Sardar,' an honorific title symbolizing leadership and valor among Sikhs and in the military.
Explore Punjabi history with TARIKHIPANJAB. From Guru Nanak to British rule, uncover fascinating Sikh and Punjab insights in this Urdu classic.
AHWAL-I-FIRQAH-I-SIKKHAN, variously titled as Twarikh-i-Sikkhan, Kitab-i-Tankhi-Sikkhan and Guzarish-i-Ahwal-i-Si\'kkhan, by Munshi Khushwaqt Rai, is a history in Persian of the Sikhs from their origin to AD 1811. Khushwaqt Rai was an official news writer of the East India Company accredited to the Sikh city of Amritsar. It was written at the request of Col (afterwards General Sir) David Ochterlony, British political agent at Ludhiana on the Anglo Sikh frontier. Opinion also exists that it was written at the suggestion of Charles Theophilus Metcalfe.
Discover the historic 1849 annexation of Punjab by the British, ending Sikh rule. Unveil the events that led to this pivotal moment in India's history.
BENTINCK, LORD WILLIAM CAVENDISH (1774-1839), Governor General of India, son of William Henry, third duke of Portland, was born on 14 September 1774. In 1803, he was appointed governor of Madras, but recalled in 1807 in consequence of the sepoy mutiny at Vellore. In 1827, Bentinck succeeded Lord Amherst as Governor General of India in which capacity he served till 1835. Lord William Bentinck`s policy towards the Sikh kingdom was dictated by the steady growth of a supposed Russo Persian threat to India`s northwestern frontier. In face of it, the Government of India adopted certain extraordinary measures.
BURNES, SIR ALEXANDER (1805-1841), British traveller, explorer and writer, was born on 16 May 1805. He joined Bombay infantry in 1821. Upon his arrival in India, he devoted himself to the study of the local languages and was, while still an ensign, selected for the post of regimental interpreter. In 1829, he was transferred to the political department as assistant to the Political Resident in Cutch. In 1831, he was sent on a complimentary mission to Lahore, in charge of English horses, including a team of carthorses, four mares and a stallion, sent by the King of England as presents for Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
FANE, SIR HENRY (1778-1840), commander-in-chief of the British Indian army, who visited the Punjab in 1837 on the occasion of the marriage of Kanvar Nau Nihal Singh, Maharaja Ranjit Singh`s grandson. Sir Henry Fane`s visit to Ranjit Singh was an event of considerable interest. He was highly impressed by the extraordinary discipline of the Maharaja`s troops and the splendour of his court. In his several meetings with the British commander-in-chief, Ranjit Singh questioned him on the strength and composition of the British army, on the extent of Russian influence in Persia, and on the ability of the Shah of Persia to give effective aid to the Russians.
Explore the thrilling journey of John Holmes, a Eurasian soldier in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's army, and uncover his dual role as a British spy in the 1800s.
Learn about Rai Kalha of Raikot and his deep connection with Guru Gobind Singh amid historic and religious significant episodes.
Explore Lal Singh's rise in the Sikh Empire, his strategic alliances, and his role in the Anglo-Sikh War, revealing a tale of ambition and betrayal.
