RAM SINGH (1639-1714), Ram Chand before receiving the Sikh rites, was an ancestor of the ruling house of Patiala. The second son of Chaudhari Phul, he was married to Sahbi, daughter of one Nanu Bhullar, who gave birth to six sons Dunna, Sahba, Ala Singh, Bakhta,

GURDIT SINGH NALVA (1807-1882), soldier and jdgirddr in Sikh times, was the eldest son of the famous general, Hari Singh Nalva. He received a sum of Rs 2,200 from Maharaja Ranjit Singh as his share out of money left by his father. The British settled upon him an allowance

SHAH ZAMAN, son of Taimur Shah and grandson of Ahmad Shah Durrani, became the ruler of Afghanistan in May 1793 at the age of 23. As soon as Shah Zaman came to the throne, he proclaimed his intention of reestablishing the Afghan sway in India. His first attempt to conquer

GURMUKH SINGH (1799-1870), son of Fateh Singh , belonged Lo the village of Turig, near Amritsar. In 1816, he joined Maharaja Ranjit Singh `s army. He was given command of 100 horse and placed under Misr Divan Chand and, after the latter`s death in 1825, under Desa Singh Majlthia.

SINGARU, BHAI, and his brother Jaita, both brave soldiers, received initiation at the hands of Guru Arjan. The Guru directed them to be in attendance upon his son, Hargobind. They continued to serve the latter and were happy to see him installed as Guru in 1606. According to Bhai

HARI LAL, BHAI, and his brother, Bhai Krishan Lal, Brahmans of Kashi who, disregarding caste prejudice and pride, joined the Sikh faith in the time of Guru Arjan. According to Bhai Kahn Singh, Gurushabad Ratandkar Mahdn Kosh, slokas in SahaskritT, a contemporary variety of Sanskrilized diction, were composed by

SUNDARI, by Bhai Vir Singh, first published in 1898, is commonly acknowledged to be the first novel written in the Punjabi language. The story, set in the eighteenth century, depicts the trials and heroism of an imaginary character, Sundar Kaur (Sundari for short) who, born in a Punjabi Khatri Hindu

JANGNAMA LAHOW:, by Kahn Singh, is a poem describing the battles fought between the British and the Sikhs during 1845-46. Kahn Singh belonged to Bariga, Jalandhar district, and undertook the work at the instance of the British Deputy Commissioner of the area, Mr Vanistart. Though there is no internal evidence

TILOK SINGH, (d. 1710), Tiloka or Tilok Chand before receiving the Sikh initiatory rites, was an ancestor of the Phulkian families of Nabha and Jind, Badrukkhan and Dialpura. He was the eldest son of Chaudhari Phul. His wife, Bakhto, bore him two sons, Gurdit Singh and Sukhchain Singh. From

JASPAT RAI (d. 1746), a native of Kalanaur, in Gurdaspur district of the Punjab, was during Mughal times the faujddr of Eminabad, now in Gujrariwala district of Pakistan. A weal thy ^fl^m/ar and an influential courtier of Zakanya Khan, the governor of Lahore, he once ransomed Lakhpat Rai, his

YAHIYA KHAN, the eldest son of Nawab Zakariya Khan, became governor of Lahore under the Mughals in 1745 after the death of his father. He continued his father\'s policy of repression against the Sikhs. During his regime, a fracas between a band of Sikh horsemen and the State constabulary resulted

JAVAND SINGH, BHAI (1887-1921), one of the martyrs of Nankana Sahib, was born on 22 September 1887, the second of the three sons of Bhal Ala Singh and MaT Bisso of Nijampur village in Amritsar district. His elder brother Gujjar Singh had registered himself as a volunteer for the