JAGIRDARI, a feudal system of political and revenue administration based on jagir, lit. fief or grant of land received from the sovereign or a vassal owing fealty and obedience to him. Sikhs who, after the fall of Sirhind in early 1764, started occupying territory, did not automatically take to the

PUNJAB CHIEFS, THE, by Sir Lepel H. Griffin, contains historical and biographical notices of the principal chiefs and families of note in the Punjab, with detailed pedigree tables, first published at Lahore in 1865, revised edition (2 vols.) by Charles Francis Massy published at Lahore in 1890, and revised pedigree

JAWAHAR SINGH (d. 1838), son of Bishan Singh and great grandson of Sodhi Abhai Ram, served in the Sikh army under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The family traced its descent from Baba Kaul, founder of the village of Dhilvari, now in Faridkot district. Abhai Ram, who enjoyed the esteem of

SAHIB SINGH BHANGI (d.1811), son of Gujjar Singh of the Bhangi clan, one of the numerous principalities into which Punjab was divided during the latter part of the 18th century, ruled over the territory of Gujrat in central Punjab. He was married to Raj Kaur, daughter of Charhat Singh

JHANDA SINGH (d. 1774) succeeded his father, Hari Singh, to the leadership of the Bharigi principality upon his death in 1765. Under Jhanda Singh, the power and prestige of the Bharigi misi rapidly increased. In 1766, he challenged both Shuja` Khan. Afghan governor of Multan, and Mubarak Khan, the

SARBATT KHALSA (sarbatt from Sanskrit sarva/ sarvatas meaning the whole or entire) is a term with a dual connotation. It is a concept as well as an institution. In the conceptual sense, KhaJsa is the extension of sarig"at, holycongregation, an institution which has been eulogized in the Sikh Scripture as

KARAM GHAND, DIWAN (d. 1836), son of Javala Natli who served as a munshi (accountant) under the Sukkarchakkta sarddrs, Gharhat Singh and Mahan Singh. Karam Ghand was first employed by Bislian Singh Kalal, a confidential agent of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, wlio retired in the year 1813 to Banaras where

SAVAL SINGH, a Randhava Jatt, received the vows of the Khalsa about 1750 and joined the Bhangi misl. He fought for his chief Hari Singh in several of his campaigns. Within a few years he came to possess a large tract of country on the left bank of the Ravi,

KARAM SINGH (d. 1784), a leading figure in the Shahid clan of Sandhu Jatts of the village of Marahka in Sheikhupura district, now in Pakistan. According to Sir Lcpel Griffin, he was a grandson of Baba Dip Singh, the martyr. In January 1764, at the conquest of the Sirhind

SAVAN SINGH, a cousin of Dasaundha Singh and Sangat Singh of the Nishanavah misi, distinguished himself by his heroic deeds in the latter half of the eighteenth century. He participated in the partition of the territory of Sirhind which was captured by the Sikhs in January 1764. He appropriated

AS KAUR, daughter of Gurdas Singh, was married to Raja Sahib Singh (1773-1813) of Patiala in 1792 and, in 1798, she bore him a son and heir who was named Karam Singh. She was a woman of great ability and her wise administration of the Patiala state during part

KARAM SINGH (d. 1784), a leading figure in the Shahid clan of Sandhu Jatts of the village of Marahka in Sheikhupura district, now in Pakistan. According to Sir Lcpel Griffin, he was a grandson of Baba Dip Singh, the martyr. In January 1764, at the conquest of the Sirhind