SARBATT KHALSA (sarbatt from Sanskrit sarva/ sarvatas meaning the whole or entire) is a term with a dual connotation. It is a concept as well as an institution. In the conceptual sense, KhaJsa is the extension of sarig"at, holycongregation, an institution which has been eulogized in the Sikh Scripture as

KARAM GHAND, DIWAN (d. 1836), son of Javala Natli who served as a munshi (accountant) under the Sukkarchakkta sarddrs, Gharhat Singh and Mahan Singh. Karam Ghand was first employed by Bislian Singh Kalal, a confidential agent of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, wlio retired in the year 1813 to Banaras where

SAVAL SINGH, a Randhava Jatt, received the vows of the Khalsa about 1750 and joined the Bhangi misl. He fought for his chief Hari Singh in several of his campaigns. Within a few years he came to possess a large tract of country on the left bank of the Ravi,

KARAM SINGH (d. 1784), a leading figure in the Shahid clan of Sandhu Jatts of the village of Marahka in Sheikhupura district, now in Pakistan. According to Sir Lcpel Griffin, he was a grandson of Baba Dip Singh, the martyr. In January 1764, at the conquest of the Sirhind

SAVAN SINGH, a cousin of Dasaundha Singh and Sangat Singh of the Nishanavah misi, distinguished himself by his heroic deeds in the latter half of the eighteenth century. He participated in the partition of the territory of Sirhind which was captured by the Sikhs in January 1764. He appropriated

AS KAUR, daughter of Gurdas Singh, was married to Raja Sahib Singh (1773-1813) of Patiala in 1792 and, in 1798, she bore him a son and heir who was named Karam Singh. She was a woman of great ability and her wise administration of the Patiala state during part

KARAM SINGH (d. 1784), a leading figure in the Shahid clan of Sandhu Jatts of the village of Marahka in Sheikhupura district, now in Pakistan. According to Sir Lcpel Griffin, he was a grandson of Baba Dip Singh, the martyr. In January 1764, at the conquest of the Sirhind

SCINDIA, DAULAT RAO (1780-1827), Maratha chief of Gwalior, who in the closing decades of the eighteenth century succeeded in becoming viceregent of the shrunken Mughal empire. Pie held in his power the blind titular emperor Shah Alam, whom he had rescued from the clutches of the Ruhilas, and ruled

ATAR SINGH MAJITHIA (d. 1843), commander and civilian officer under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He was the adopted son of Uttam Singh Majithia, and, in 1809, was appointed governor of Rawalpindi and its dependencies. He held an estate worth Rs. 28,000 at Sayyid Kasrari.

KISHAN KAUR, daughter of Chaudhari Raja Singh belonging to the village of Samra, in Amritsar district of the Punjab, was married to Prince Kharak Singh, eldest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, in 1818. She survived her husband and was granted by the British an annual pension of Rs 2,324.

SHAMIR SINGH THETHAR (d. 1824), soldier and a minor commander in the Sikh times. He was the son of Prem Singh, of the village of Thethar, near Lahore, and brother of Lakkha Singh along with whom he entered the service of Sukkarchakkias. Shamir Singh fought in the battle of