JAGIRDARI, a feudal system of political and revenue administration based on jagir, lit. fief or grant of land received from the sovereign or a vassal owing fealty and obedience to him. Sikhs who, after the fall of Sirhind in early 1764, started occupying territory, did not automatically take to the

SHAMSHER SINGH SANDHANVAUA (1816-1871) was son of Buddh Singh and a collateral of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Shamsher Singh distinguished himself as a soldier and served on active duty in the Peshawar area. He was by nature averse to politics and took no part in courtly intrigues which engulfed Lahore

TITLES AND ORDERS OF MERIT, instituted at his court by Maharaja Ranjit Singh, broadly followed the Mughal pattern, though there did not exist among the Sikh nobility a specific classification or hierarchy which marked the mansabdan system of the Mughals. Tides and awards were granted to princes of the royal