european

FRANCIS, a French adventurer, who arrived at Lahore in 1833 and joined Maharaja Ranjit Singli`s army. But he had no military training, and was discharged from the service soon afterwards.

Discover James Price, the Englishman turned soldier for Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1809, defying British extradition. A forgotten tale of intrigue in 1809 India.

FUKINAUL, THOMAS, a Frenchman, who during 1822-23 was in Maharaja Ranjit Singh`s service, employed in the gunpowder factory.

Uncover the legacy of John Ramsay, a Eurasian musician and drum major under Maharaja Ranjit Singh, as recorded in European Adventurers of Northern India.

FITZROY, JOHN, an Englishman in the employ of the East Indian Company. In 1835, became to Lahore and entered the service of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He did not stay long and took his dismissal the following year.

Learn about ROSSAIX, a French engineer who served in Napoleon's army before revolutionizing Punjab's infrastructure in 1843. Discover his legacy.

GILLOT or Quilette, a Frenchman, who had served in the French navy before joining the Khalsa army in 1842. He was entrusted with the task of training artillery recruits. He secured his discharge after two years` stay in Lahore.

Discover the story of Sheriff, a Spaniard engineer in the Sikh army in 1841. Tragically, he met his end in Lahore within a year after a horse fall.

ALEXANDER ALIAS MUHAMMAD SADIQ, a European of unknown nationality, who drifted to Lahore in 1841 from Kabul, where he had served in Shah Shuja\'s army, and had adopted the Muslim faith. He joined the Khalsa army as a battalion commander serving under John Holmes.

GOMEZ, also known as Lawrence Goniez Allard, was a Portuguese. Hejoined the Khalsa army in 1842. After the Anglo Sikh wars, he was taken by the British as adjutant in one of the police battalions raised from the disbanded Sikh soldiery. He retired in 1862.

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4 years Ago

Explore the deeper meaning of Aarti in Hinduism and Sikhism, where true worship goes beyond rituals and embraces the beauty of nature and truth.

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4 years Ago

Explore the profound concept of Aatma and its connection to Paramaatma, God, and the transcendental self in Sikh and Hindu philosophies.

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Explore the distinctive and largely unknown Sikh architectural style, with its rich history in gurdwaras, forts, and palaces, by S.S. Bhatti.

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Discover the captivating history and architecture of Samman Burj, the octagonal Mughal marvel in Lahore Fort, known for its royal and administrative legacy.

The Sikh Encyclopedia

This website based on Encyclopedia of Sikhism by Punjabi University , Patiala by Professor Harbans Singh.