CHUHAR, CHAUDHARl and Puria, both village headmen, attracted by Guru Arjan\'s fame as a holy teacher, once visited him. They said, "0 beneficent one, we have long desired to seek your precept. In our official capacity as village chaudharis, we commit many wrongs and utter many falsehoods. Be pleased

ETAWAH (26° 47`N, 78° 58`E), a district town of Uttar Pradesh, 127 km southeast of Agra, has two Udasi Ashrams commemorating the visits of Guru Nanak and Baba Sri Chand. Sikh chronicles have not recorded these visits, but they do mention that Guru Tegh Bahadur while travelling to the

JAMSHAID KHAN (d. 1708), Ruhila Afghan, was hired by Nawab Wazir Khan, faujddr of Sirhind, to assassinate Guru Gobind Singh, whose friendly relations with Emperor Bahadur Shah I were perceived by the faujddr as a danger to his own position. Jamshaid Khan with another accomplice caught up with the

KAPUR DEV, BHAI, a prominent masand of the time of Guru Arjan, once expressed his desire to see a model Sikh. The Guru, says Bhai Mani Singh, Sikhdn di Bhagai Mala, asked him to go and see Bhai Samman, who lived at Shahbazpur. When Kapur Dev reached Samman`s house, he

MADHO, BHAI. a Sodhi Khatri, was a learned Sikh of the time of Guru Arjan. The Guru assigned him to the valley of Kashmir to preach Guru Nanak\'s word. The Brahmans of Kashmir, as says Bhai Mani Singh, Sikhan di Bhagat Mala, objected to his use of Punjabi in

NITNEM (nit: daily; nem; practice, rule or regimen) is the name given to the set prayers which every Sikh is commanded to say daily, alone or in company. These prayers or texts are five in number for early morning Guru Nanak`sJa/w and Guru Gobind Singh`s Jdpu and Savaiyye, for the

RAHRASI is the name given to the main evening prayer of the Sikhs. The word itself implies supplication, though some traditionalist scholars have interpreted it as rahirdst which, in Persian, means the straight path, the path of faith and devotion as against that. of mere ritual practices or yogic