SANTA SINGH, BHAI (1886-1921), one of the martyrs of Nankana Sahib, came of a poor barber family of Fatehgarh Sukkarchakkian, a village near Amritsar. His father Bhai Mohra however had become through thrift and hard work a small shopkeeper and moneylender. Santa Singh learnt Gurmukhi from the village granthi, Bhai

FARRUKH-SIYAR (1683-1719), Mughal emperor of India from 1713-19, was the second son of`Azim al-Shan, the third son of Bahadur Shah. Born at Aurangabad in the Deccan on 11 September 1683, he in his tenth year accompanied his father to Agra, and in 1697 to Bengal, when that province was added

SHAMSHER SINGH SANDHANVAUA (1816-1871) was son of Buddh Singh and a collateral of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Shamsher Singh distinguished himself as a soldier and served on active duty in the Peshawar area. He was by nature averse to politics and took no part in courtly intrigues which engulfed Lahore

GAHAL (locally pronounced Gailh), village on the right bank of the Bathinda branch of Sirhind Canal, 30 km north of Barnala (30°22`N, 75°32`E) in Sangrur district of the Punjab, is sacred to Guru Har Rai (1630-61), who once made a brief halt here during his travels in the Malva

SIKHS` RELATIONS WITH JATS OF BHARATPUR. Hindu Jats, who have ethnic affinity with the Sikh Jatts of the Punjab, had emerged, like the Sikhs, as a new political power in the region south of Delhi. Their first revolt in 1669 under their leader Gokul was ruthlessly suppressed by the Mughal

GILBERT, SIR WALTER RALEIGH (1785-1853), divisional commander of the British army under Lord Hugh Gough in the first and second Anglo Sikh wars, son of the Rev Edmund Gilbert, was born in Bodmin, England, in 1785. In 1801, he joined the Bengal infantry as a cadet. He rose to

SUCHCHA SINGH (1883-1924) was born the son of Bhai Sundar Singh of Chakk No. 277 Sital Rakkh in Lyallpur, now Faisalabad, district of Pakistan. After a stint as a school teacher lie joined service in the Punjab Police and rose to he a sub inspector. Reacting to Nankana Sahib

HART SINGH, BHAI (1889-1921), one of the Nankana Sahib martyrs, was born at Pandori Nijtjharari in Jalandhar district in November 1889, the son of Bhai Seva Singh and Mai Afar Kaur. On the opening of the Lower Chenab Canal Colony, the family migrated in 1897 to Chakk No. 91

SUNDAR SINGH JATHEDAR, BHAI (1869-1921), one of the Nankana Sahib martyrs, was the son of Bhai Bishan Singh and Mai Indar Kaur of village Dhudial, in Jalandhar district. His ancestors came from Bandala village in Amritsar district where they had served in the chief ship of Sardar Baghel Singh of

HARNAM SINGH, BHAI (1897-1921), son of Bhai Sundar Singh and Mai Uttam Kaur, was among those who fell martyrs at Nankana Sahib on 20 February 1921. The traditional occupation of the family was weaving, but Harnam Singh`s father and grandfather took to peddling cloth. Harnam Singh was hardly five

TAHIL SINGH, BHAI (1875-1921), one of the Nankana Sahib martyrs, was born in 1875, the eldest son of Bhai Chanda Singh and Mai Rukko, Kamboj residents of Nizampur village in Amritsar district.On the opening of the Lower Chenab Canal Colony in western Punjab (now Pakistan), the family moved, in 1892,

HUKAM SINGH MALVAI (d. 1846), soldier and jdgirddr in the Sikh limes, was son of Dhanna Singh MalvaT, an important official of the Sikh kingdom. Like his father, Hukam Singh served the Lahore Darbar. In January 1839, he, along with his brother Bachittar Singh, escorted Shahzada Taimur to Peshawar.