SAMMAN BURJ, also called Musamman Burj, an octagonal tower commanding a wide range of buildings within the Lahore Fort, was built by Emperor Akbar, who made the city his capital for some time. Within the Fort was situated the royal palace which was enlarged by Jahangir and,

DESAN, MAI (d. 1778), daughter of Amir Singh of Gujrariwala, was married to Charhat Singh Sukkarchakkia in 1756. When her husband died in 1770, their eldest son, Mahan Singh, was barely ten years old. Mai Desan took the control of the Sukkarchakkia misi or chiefship into her own hands,

MUKHLISGARH FORT on the lower slopes of the Sivalak foothills in Sadhaura parganah of Sirhind sarkar was, established by Mukhlis Khan, a minor chief during the reign of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (1628-58). Banda Smgh Bahadur (1670-1716), after the conquest of Sadhaura and Sirhind in 1710

DIVAN CHAND. MISR (d. 1825), a general in Maharaja Ranjit Singh`s army, was the son of a Brahman shopkeeper of the village of Gondlanvala, in Gujranwala district, now in Pakistan. He had come to the notice of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1812 during one of his tours and was

PASHAURA SINGH, KANVAR (1821-1845), son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, was born in 1821 to Rani Daya Kaur. He emerged from obscurity to claim the kingdom of the Punjab after the assassination of Maharaja Sher Singh. After his escape from Baba Bir Singh`s camp, where his brother Kashmira Singh was

DORAHA (30° 48`N, 76° 2`E), an old village along the Grand Trunk Road 20 km east of Ludhiana, claims an historical shrine, Gurdwara Damdama Sahib Patshahi Chhevin, sacred to Guru Hargobind, Nanak VI. According to local tradition, Guru Hargobind encamped here for a night travelling back from the Gwalior

QUTB UDDIN (d. 1832), younger brother of Nizam udDin, the Afghan chief of Kasur, succeeded to the gaddi of Kasur on the latter`s death in 1802. He began fortifying Kasur in an endeavour to overthrow the authority of Ranjit Singh whose tributary he was. Ranjit Singh led an expedition

DUNI CHAND, grandson of the well known Bhai Salho (d. 1628), a Dhalival Jatt of Majitha in Amritsar district in the Punjab, was a masand of the Guru`s nominee in the Majha area. A hefty man of immense bulk, Duni Chand led out a band of 500 warriors to

QUTB UDDIN (d. 1832), younger brother of Nizam udDin, the Afghan chief of Kasur, succeeded to the gaddi of Kasur on the latter`s death in 1802. He began fortifying Kasur in an endeavour to overthrow the authority of Ranjit Singh whose tributary he was. Ranjit Singh led an expedition

FATEHGARH SAHIB, GURDWARA, 5 km north of Sirhind (30°37`N, 76°23`E), marks the site of the execution of the two younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh at the behest of Wazir Khan of Kunjpura, the faujdar of Sirhind. As Guru Gobind Singh evacuated Anandpur on the night of 5-6 December 1705,

SAIF UDDIN MAHMUD, also called Saif Khan (d.1685), a high ranking noble in the reign of Aurangzib, was a man of religious disposition which, earned him the popular title of Faqirullah, meaning a holy man of God. His father, Tarbiat Khan, had been a Bakhshi or paymaster under Emperor Shah

FATEH KHAN TIWANA (d. 1848) was the son of Khuda Yar Khan, a jagirdar in the neighbourhood of Dera Ismail Khan. The Sikh general, Hari Singh Nalva appointed him to take charge of Mittha Tiwana, country in the upper regions of the Sindh Sagar Doab. On being implicated in