GHANAULA, an old village 10 km north of Ropar (30°58`N, 76°3rE) in the Punjab, used to be the headquarters of a parganuh in Mughal times. It claims a historical shrine which commemorates the visit of Guru Gobind Singh in 1688 while he was returning from Paonta to Anandpur. He again

JASSA SINGH RAMGARHIA (1723-1803), founder of the Ramgarhia chief ship and one of the prominent military leaders of the Sikhs in the second half of the eighteenth century, was born in 1723 at Tchogill, a village 20 km cast of Lahore. His grandfather, Hardas Singh (d. 1716) had received

JINWADA, pronounced Jinvara, 11 km from Bidar (17"55`N, 77"32T.) in Karnataka is situated along the road connecting Bidar to BarauliAuradh, a Talluqa headquarters in Bidar district. Gurdwara Tap Asthan Mai Bhago at Jinwada honours the memory of Mai Bhago, revered as a saint, who fought in the battle of Muktsar.

RAIPUR RANI, a large village on the left bank of the River Tarigri, 42 km from Chandigarh (3()" 44`N, `76° 47`E), was formerly a small hill principality. At the time of the battle of Bhangani in 1688, it was ruled by the widow of Rao Fatch Singh. She was

RAM RAUNI, later known as Ramgarh Fort, was a small mud fortress built in April 1748 near Ramsar, in Amritsar, to provide shelter to scattered Sikh jathas, in Mughal Punjab. Sikh sardars, along with their bands, assembled at Amritsar on the Baisakhi day of 1748 and set

SANGAT SINGH (d. 1705), one of the forty Sikhs who were besieged with Guru Gobind Singh in an improvised fortress at Chamkaur, bore a close resemblance to the Guru in physical appearance. Both Kuir Singh and Sukkha Singh in their poetical biographies of Guru Gobind Singh refer to him as

VAR AMAR SINGH KI is a versified account of a battle fought in AD 1774 between Raja Amar Singh, the ruler of Patiala and the neighbouring Bhatti Rajput chiefs. The writer is Kavi (poet) Kesho Das, a Brahman bard at the court of the Raja of Patiala. He was