CHAIYA, BHAI, son of Bulaki, who held charge of Dhaka as a masand, i.e. to the collector, was appointed to that office in Bihar province by Guru Tegh Bahadur. In the time of Guru Gobind Singh, he was found guilty of misappropriating devotees` offerings and suffered punishment.

LOPON, village 25 km southeast of Moga (30°48`N, 75"10`E) in Faridkot district, was visited by Guru Hargobind during one of his tours in these parts. Gurdwara Guru Sar on the southern outskirts of the village commemorates the event. Constructed by Giani Indar Singh of Bhindran in 1960, the present

PAN SAU SAKHI, a collection of five hundred anecdotes (panj = five; sau = hundred; sdkhi = anecdote), attributed to Bhai Ram Kuir (1672-1761), a descendant of Bhai Buddha, renamed Bhai Gurbakhsh Singh as he received the rites of the Khalsa at the hands of Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708). It

SARDUL SINGH GIANI, BHAI (d. 1913), the eldest son of Giani Gian Singh of Amritsar and a grandson ofGiani Bishan Singh, was a noted Sikh scholar of his time. The family lived near Chowk Baba Atal in a street still known as Gall Gianian, the street of the Giants.

TOKA SAHIB, GURDWARA, established in honour of Guru Gobind Singh, who stayed here for a few days in 1688, is on the border of Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. The Gurdwara is in Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, but the nearest village Tota, about one kilometre to the southeast, is in

DES RAJ. BHAI, a Khatri Sikh of Amritsar, was entrusted with the supervision of the reconstruction of the Harimandar during the sixties and seventies of the eighteenth century. Nothing is known about his early life or family except that he originally came from Sursingh village, 30 km southwest of

JAND SAHIB. GURDWARA, 3 km northwest of Gumti Kalari, a village in Bathinda district of the Punjab, marks the site where Bhai Rupa (1614-1709) served Guru Hargobind with cold water out of a leather bag hung from a jand tree {Prosopis spicigera) and received the Guru`s blessings. Tuklani village,

MADDOKE, village 16 km southeast of Moga (30°-48\'N, 75°-10\'E), in Moga district, has a historical shrine, Gurdwara Guru Sar, dedicated to Guru Hargobind who, according to local tradition, visited this place twice, once on his way back from Nanak Mata to Darauli and again after the battle of Mehraj.

PARDUMAN SINGH GIANI, BHAI (d. 1877), principal granthi or priest and manager of Sri Darbar Sahib at Amritsar, was the eldest of the four sons of Bhai Gurmukh Singh Giani (d. 1843), a man of learning and an influential courtier in Sikh times. He was the grandson of the

SAUNTI, an old village 2 km northeast of Amioh (30"36`N, 76"14`E), in Fatehgarh Sahib district, claims a historical shrine called Gurdwara Sri Guru Hargobind Sahib. It is situated in the open fields over a kilometre to the east of the village and is approached through a cart track going

TWARIKH GURU KHALSA, a voluminous prose narrative delineating the history of the Sikhs from their origin to the time when they lost the Punjab to the British. The author, Giani Gian Sihgh (1822-1921), claimed descent from the brother of Bhai Mani Singh, the martyr, who was a contemporary of Guru

ADAM, BHAI, also mentioned as Uddam in some chronicles, was, according to Giani Gian Singh, Twarikh Guru Khalsa, a Siddhu Jatt of Brar clan living at Vinjhu, a village near Bathinda (30°-14`N, 74°-58\'E). He had no male child and, advancing in years, he along with his wife came to