AMAVAS (AMAVASYA), massia in Punjabi, lit. a combination of ama, i.e. together, and vasya, i.e. stationing, signifying coming of the sun and the moon together in one line, is the last day of the dark half of the lunar month when the moon remains entirely hidden from our view. The

BHULLA, BHAI, and Bhai Kulla, both Jhanjhi Sunars, accompanied by Bhagirath, a Soini Khatri, presented themselves before Guru Arjan and begged to be instructed in the pious way. The Guru told them, always to act like gurmukhs, and not like manmukhs. The Guru, according to Sikhan di Bhagat Mala,

CHUHAR, BHAI, Bhai Sam. Bhai Lala, all Sethi Khatris, and Bhai Nihalu were good musicians and had facility in expounding the holy hymns. Whenever they sang, discussed or discoursed on the sacred hymns, the sangat, records Bhai Mani Singh in his Sikhari di Bhagat Mala, felt deeply impressed. Guru

CHITRA GUPTA Chitra and Gupta write all the account of good and bad actions, but they do not look towards the devotees of the Lord. (Asa M. 5, p. 393) Meditating at the door of the Unknowable and Incom-prehensible Lord, one attained the Permanent Seat, where there is neither

DAKHANE, title of sixty-nine slokas by Guni Arjan, incorporated in his var in the measure Maru, three each with its twenty-three pauris or stanzas. The word dakhne (Skt. daksini) means `southern.` The language of these verses is a dialect of the southern Punjab, now in Pakistan, known as Multani

KALA, BHAI, and his fellow hills men, Bhai Mehra and Bhai Nihalu, all devout Sikhs, once went to Amritsar to see Guru Arjan. They asked a question: "0 support of the supportless! Amritsar is a holy place no doubt, but if some habitual sinners come and settle here, how

LALU, BHAI, headman of Khadur (Sahib), a village in Amritsar district of the Punjab, became a devout Sikh of Guru Angad. According to Bhai Mani Singh, Sikhan di Bhagat Mala, he along with Bhai Durga and Bhai Jivanda once begged the Guru to show them the way to liberation.

NASIHAT NAMAH, lit. epistle of admonishment, is an apocryphal composition in verse attributed to Guru Nanak and is said to have been addressed by the Guru to king Croesus (Karun in Sikh chronicles). The King is advised to do good deeds when God has bestowed riches upon him. Money

PAPA (Sanskrit and Pali papa, Prakrit pdva). The word stands for one of the basic concepts of the Indian religious tradition. This concept relates to what is considered religiously and morally evil, an act of body, mind, or speech opposed to what is considered religiously and morally good. In

PUNN, a concept in the Indian tradition carrying simultaneously ethical, spiritual and philosophical connotations. As an ethical concept it implies voluntary obedience to the moral rules of conduct which have the sanction of a system of reward and punishment. As spiritual attitude, it is the inclination of the self towards

RAU, BHAI, a Kamboj Sikh and masand or the collector assigned to Dipalpur, was among those of his class summoned by Guru Gobind Singh to Anandpur to answer charges of appropriating the devotees` offerings and of other misconduct. According to Bhai Santokh Singh, Sri Gur Pratap Suraj Granth, Bhai

TAKHTU. BHAI, a Dhir Khatri, embraced Sikh faith during the time of Guru Arjan. He lived up to the time of Guru Hargobind when he earned a name for himself as a soldier participating in the encounters with the Mughal troops. "Once", as says Bhai Mani Singh, Sikhan di