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Discover George Baker, a Eurasian drum major in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's battalion. Explore European adventurers of Northern India. Learn more today!

Explore the journey of HARVEY, the English physician in 1838 Punjab, serving under Maharaja Ranjit Singh, before falling ill and leaving in 1839.

Explore WEIR's journey, a Russian in the Khalsa army, his marriage to a Kashmiri Muslim, and life in Lahore. Discover European adventurers in 1842 India.

Explore the daring escape and valiant battles of Englishman Barlow from being a prisoner in Afghanistan to his roles in the Sikh Empire until 1845.

Discover HEST, a Greek commandant in Hyderabad before joining the Sikh army in 1843. Learn about his legacy and tragic end in Lahore.

Explore BATTICE's role in Sikh ordnance; an Italian's brief service shaping gunpowder industry in 1843 Lahore. Discover his intriguing story.

Discover the story of HOMMUS, a Spaniard who joined the Khalsa Darbar in 1842, worked in gunpowder, and his untimely death in Lahore. Learn more.

BOYLE, a French national, who, deserting the First European high Infantry, joined the Khalsa army in 1843. He was killed fighting against the British in the first AngIo Sikh war (1845-46).

Explore the journey of HURELEEK, a Greek who joined the Sikh infantry in 1841 under Maharaja Sher Singh's reign. Discover his story of adventure.

CAMPBELL, WILLIAM (d. 1866), a Scotsman, who came to Lahore in September 1828 and was employed in the Sikh cavalry and given command of a regiment of 1200 horse. He soon gained the favour of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, but was dismissed from the service in August 1829 on a charge of misbehaviour towards a woman, and sent across the River Sutlej under an escort. Later, he served the Afghan rulers. He died in Kabul in 1866.

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4 years Ago

Explore the deeper meaning of Aarti in Hinduism and Sikhism, where true worship goes beyond rituals and embraces the beauty of nature and truth.

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4 years Ago

Explore the profound concept of Aatma and its connection to Paramaatma, God, and the transcendental self in Sikh and Hindu philosophies.

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Explore the distinctive and largely unknown Sikh architectural style, with its rich history in gurdwaras, forts, and palaces, by S.S. Bhatti.

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Discover the captivating history and architecture of Samman Burj, the octagonal Mughal marvel in Lahore Fort, known for its royal and administrative legacy.

The Sikh Encyclopedia

This website based on Encyclopedia of Sikhism by Punjabi University , Patiala by Professor Harbans Singh.