guru

PATH, from the Sanskrit pdtha which means reading or recitation, is, in the religious context, reading or recitation of the holy texts. In Sikhism, it implies daily repetition of scriptural texts from the Guru Granth Sahib. Reading of certain bdnis is part of a Sikh`s nitnem or daily religious regimen. Path of these prescribed texts is performed from a handy collection, called gutkd (missal or breviary) or from memory. 

PHERU, BHAI (1640-1706), an Udasi Sikh preacher, was born the son of Bhai Binna Uppal of Amb Man in parganah Mien ki Maur in Lahore district (now in Pakistan). His original name was Sarigat. As he grew up, he adopted peddling as a profession and earned the nickname of Pheru, (lit.peripatetic). Journeying out with his wares once, he met Bhai Bhagatu, a devout Sikh who led him to the presence of Guru Har Rai (1630-61) at Kiratpur.

PRAN SANGLI, lit. the chain of breath or vital air, is a collection of compositions, attributed to Guru Nanak but in reality apocryphal, dealing with yogic practices, particularly prdndydma or control of vital air. The original Prdn Sangli, was, in all probability, a small composition, though the now available recension, edited by Sant Sampuran Singh and published in 1898 in the Devanagri script, in three volumes by Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid, Tarn Taran, runs into more than 700 pages and contains as many as 80 chapter which, with the exception of the first few, are not closely related or coordinated.Each of these chapters is presented as an exposition by Guru Nanak of a question raised by Raja Shivnabh of Sarigladip (Sri Lanka) where Prdn Sangli is said to have been composed.

PURO, BHAI, a native of Dalla, a village in present day Kapurthala district of the Punjab, was a devoted Sikh of the time of Guru Amar Das. He was among those who waited upon the Guru when he visited Dalla and received initiation at his hands. His name figures in Bhai Gurdas, Varan, XI. 16.

RAGMAIA, lit. a rosary of ragas or musical measures, is the title of a composition of twelve verses, running into sixty lines, appended to the Guru Granth Sahib after the Munddvam, i.e. the epilogue, as a table or index of ragas. In the course of the evolution of Indian music, many systems came into effect, prominent among them being the Saiva Mata, said to have been imparted by Lord Siva, who is accepted as the innovator of music; the Kalinatha Mata, also called the Krsna Mata, which has its predominance in Braj and Punjab and is said to have been introduced by Kalinatha, a revered dehdrya of music; the Bharata Mata which has its vogue in Western India and was propounded by Bharata Muni; the Hanumana Mata; the Siddha Sarsut Mata; and the Ragaranava Mata.

RALIA, village 14 km north of Mansa (29° 59`N, 75° 23`E) in Bathinda district of the Punjab, is sacred to Guru Tegh Bahadur, who visited it during his travels across southeastern Punjab. The shrine established to commemorate the visit was for along time controlled by anchorites of the Nath cult. It was only after 1947 that the local Sikh sangat assumed possession and converted it into a gurudwara named Gurdwara Sahib Patshahi IX. The present building, completed on 7 September 1953, consists of a flat roofed hall, with a verandah on three sides and a few ancillary rooms across a brickpaved compound. The shrine is administered by a local committee under the auspices of the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee.

RAMRAIAS, originally a splinter sect of the Sikhs, now comprise an independent group more akin to the Udasis. The sect owes its origin to Baba Ram Rai, whose name it bears. Ram Rai, who was the elder son of Guru Har Rai (1630-61), the seventh Guru, and who had been anathematized for deliberately misreading in the court of Emperor Aurarigzib a line from one of Guru Nanak`s hymns in order to avoid his displeasure, had shifted to a sub Himalayan dun (valley) where he established his derd or abode in a.jdgiror fief granted to him by the feudatory chief of Garhval under the orders of the Mughal court.

RISALAINANAK SHAH, a Persian manuscript by Buddh Singh Arora of Lahore, who was employed in the court of the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II (1759-1806) at Delhi, written in 1783 in collaboration with Lala Ajaib Singh Suri of Malerkotla. The work deals with the history of the Sikhs from the time of Guru Nanak up to the establishment of Sikh rule in Punjab under the Sardars, and was written, as the author himself tells us, at the request of James Browne, British agent in Delhi who translated it into English and published it under the title History of the Origin and Progress of the Sicks (sic).

RAVI-SUTA (SUTA-BHAN) Why should they fear Ravi-Suta (the son of the sun) i.e. Dharmaraja whose mind is absorbed in the feet of the Guru. (Swayye Mahle Chauthe Ke, p. 1404) Dharmaraja was the son of Surya (sun), therefore he is called Ravi-Suta. Surya is also called Bhan, therefore\'Suta Bhan\' also connotes \'Ravi-Suta\'. (See Swayye Mahle Chauthe ke, p. 1400). See : Dharmaraja.

SAHAJ, in Sikh vocabulary, refers to a state of mental and spiritual equipoise without the least intrusion of ego; unshaken natural and effortless serenity attained through spiritual discipline. Ego (aharn or haumai) develops out of the undifferentiated primordial being as a result of the sociocultural conditioning factors that generate as a result of a process of individuation. Ego is thus a mere psychic substantive, a myth that not only begins to shroud the primordial nature of the human soul, but also is responsible for all kinds of emotional and volitional disturbances.

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In 1595, Guru Arjan Dev (1563-1606) the Fifth Sikh Prophet with some of his followers visited the village...

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4 years Ago

AARTI: The word Aarati is a combination of two words Aa (without) + raatri (night), According to popular...

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4 years Ago

AATMA: Aatma (self) is the element (part, fraction) of Paramaatma (Supreme Soul) in human being. Hence Aatma and...

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TUZUKIJAHANGlRI is one of the several titles under which autobiographical writing of the Mughal Emperor, Jahangir (160527), is available, the common and generally accepted ones being TuzukiJahangin, Waqi`atiJahangm, and Jahangir Namah. The TuzukiJahangni based on the edited text of Sir Sayyid Alimad Khan of `Aligarh is embodied in two volumes translated by Alexander Rogers, revised, collated and corrected by Henry Beveridge with the help of several manuscripts from the India Office Library, British Library, Royal Asiatic Society and other sources. The first volume covers the first twelve years, while the second deals with the thirteenth to the nineteenth year of the reign. The material pertaining to the first twelve of the twentytwo regnal years, written by the Emperor in his own han

The Sikh Encyclopedia

This website based on Encyclopedia of Sikhism by Punjabi University , Patiala by Professor Harbans Singh.