ARDAMAN SINGH, BHAYEE (1899-1976), of pious lineage was born on 20 September 1899 (father: Bhayee Arjan Singh; mother: Devinder Kaur) at Bagarian, in present day Sarigrur district of the Punjab. The family traces its descent from Bhai Rup Chand, a devout Sikh of the time of Guru Hargobind (1595-1644)

BUDDHA DAL and Taruna Dal, names now appropriated by two sections of the Nihang Sikhs, were the popular designations of the two divisions of Dal Khalsa, the confederated army of the Sikhs during the eighteenth century. With the execution of Banda Singh Bahadur in 1716, the Sikhs were deprived of

DIAL SINGH, BHAI (1860-1921) was the son of Bhai Deva Singh and Mat Ram Kaur of Ghasitpur village, in Amritsar district. He learnt to read the Guru Granth Sahib in the village gurdwara and enlisted in an infantry battalion at Poona in his early youth. He served for 20

GURMUKH SINGH, BABA (1888-1977), a Ghadr revolutionary, was born in 1888 to a poor peasant, Hoshnak Singh , of the village of Laltori Khurd, in Ludhiana district. Second of three brothers, he was sent to school at Ludhiana. His ambition was to join the army, but he could not

KARTAR SINGH DAKHA, PANDIT (1888-1958), scholar, grammarian and theologian, was born the son of Ram Singh on 13 September 1888 at Dakha, a village 16 km southwest of Ludhiana along the Ludhiana Firozpur highway. After receiving elementary education in his village, lie was admitted to Khalsa Collegiate School, Amritsar,

KHALSA UPDESHAK MAHAVIDYALA, GHARJAKH, a training institution for Sikh preachers, was established in 1901 by Sri Guru Singh Sabha, Gujrariwala, now in Pakistan. The Gujrariwala Singh Sabha, formed in 1888 and affiliated to the Khalsa Diwan Lahore, played an important role in the educational and social awakening of Punjabi

MOHAN SINGH, SARDAR BAHADUR (1897-1961), aesthete, philanthropist and privy counsellor, was born on 6 June 1897 at Rawalpindi in a family of note founded by Sadhu Singh (d. 1798), who under Sardar Milkha Singh Thehpuria, founder of present town of Rawalpindi (now in Pakistan), was entrusted with the duty of

RAGHUPAT RAI NIJJHAR, a rich landlord of Khem Karan in present day Amritsar district, was a devout Sikh. He called on Guru Tegh Bahadur at Goindval in 1664, and requested that he be pleased to visit his native Khem Karan. Guru Tegh Bahadur accepted the invitation and came to

SEVA SINGH, BHAI (1882-1945), journalist and author, was born in 1882 at Sarai Alamgir, in Gujrat district (now in Pakistan), where his father, Lal Sihgh, was a village moneylender. Passing his middle school examination from Jehlum, he trained as a junior vernacular teacher at Rawalpindi, and took up service at

SUJAN SINGH SODHI (1870-1915), educationist and reformer, was born in 1870, the son of Sodhi Kishan Singh of Patiala. He took his intermediate examination at Mohindra College, Patiala, from where he went to Government College, Lahore, to receive his B.A. In 1980, he joined Mohindra College as professor of

TEJA SINGH, BABU (1867-1933), leader of the Bhasaur school of fundamentalism, was born on 20 January 1867, the son of`Subadar Sudh Singh and Jion Kaur of the village of Bhasaur in present day Sangrur district of the Punjab. His original name was Narain Singh. Having received his preliminary education in

ARJAN SINGH, BHAYEE (1875-1946), of Bagarian, titled chief much honoured in Sikh piety, was a descendant of Bhai Rup Chand, a devoted disciple of Guru Hargobind, who had bestowed on him the title `Bhai` (also written as Bhayee) or holy brother. Rup Chand belonged to the village of Vadda