KARAM CHAND (d. 1621), the son of Chandu Shah and a revenue official under `Abdulla Khan, faujddr of Jalandhar, bore enmity towards Guru Hargobind because of his father`s death at the hands of the Sikhs. He along with Ratan Chand, the son of Bhagvan Das Gherar, Chaudhari of Ruhela,

MANI SINGH, BHAI (d. 1737), scholar and martyr, came, according to Kesar Singh Chhibbar, his contemporary, of a Kamboj family, and according to some later chroniclers, following Giani Gian Singh, Panth Prakash, of a DullatJatt family of Kamboval village (now extinct), near Sunam (30°7`N, 75"48`E), in Sarigrur district of

PIR MUHAMMAD KHAN, one of the Barakzai brothers who came into control of Peshawar which became a tributary to Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1823. Dost Muhammad Khan who had established himself in power at Kabul bitterly felt the loss of Peshawar. Pir Muhammad along with his brother, Sultan Muhammad,

SIRHIND (30°37`N, 7623E), pronounced Sarhind, an ancient town lying along the Grand Trunk Road (now renamed Sher Shah Suri Marg) midway between Ludhiana and Ambala, derives its name probably from Sairindhas, a tribe that according to Varahamihira (AD 50587), Brihat Samhita, once inhabited this part of the country. According

UBARE KHAN (full name Abdur Rahiman Khan), a Pathan of the village of Jaurian, near Batala, was, according to Bhai Bale Vali Janam Sakhi, a devotee of Guru Nanak. He followed the Guru`s instruction and obtained spiritual insight.

ASMAN KHAN or ASMAN KHAN (d. 1635), a Pathan who sacrilegiously appropriated the robe of honour, a sword and a horse bestowed by Guru Hargobind on his father in law, Painda Khan, and poached a hawk belonging to the Guru`s eldest son, Baba Gurditta. When questioned, Painda Khan defended

BUDDHA DAL and Taruna Dal, names now appropriated by two sections of the Nihang Sikhs, were the popular designations of the two divisions of Dal Khalsa, the confederated army of the Sikhs during the eighteenth century. With the execution of Banda Singh Bahadur in 1716, the Sikhs were deprived of

FATEH KHAN TIWANA (d. 1848) was the son of Khuda Yar Khan, a jagirdar in the neighbourhood of Dera Ismail Khan. The Sikh general, Hari Singh Nalva appointed him to take charge of Mittha Tiwana, country in the upper regions of the Sindh Sagar Doab. On being implicated in

IBRATNAMAH, a Persian work by Mufti All ud Din of Lahore, completed on 13 September 1854, deals with the history as well as with the social and economic life of the people of the Punjab. It also contains an account of the Sikhs from their origin to the battle

KARORA SINGH (d. 1761), founder of the Karorsirighia principality of the Sikhs, was a VirkJatt belonging to the village of Bark! in the district of Lahore. He had been forcibly converted to Islam during the lime of Nawab Zakariya Khan. He, however, rejoined the Sikh faith receiving the rites

MASSE KHAN RANGHAR (d. 1740), a Rarighar Rajput landlord converted to Islam, belonged to the village of MandialT, 8 km south of Amritsar. He was appointed kotwdl of Amritsar by Zakariya Khan, the Mughal governor of Lahore (1726-45), after the death of Qazi `Abdur Rahman who had met his end

POONA RESIDENCY CORRESPONDENCE is an English rendering, in several volumes, of selections from the Persian records of the Peshwa Dafiar, a collection of British official records of the Resident`s transactions concerning the cis Sutlej region. Prior to the establishment of the Delhi Residency (1803) and the Ludhiana Agency (1809), the