SIKH JOURNALISM, tracing its beginnings to the latter half of the nineteenth century was influenced in its founding and evolution primarily by two factors : institution building in Sikhism with a view to defending itself and restating its principles, and the Sikhs` confrontation with the aggressive Arya Samaj over the

AKHBAR LUDHIANA, a weekly newspaper in Persian sponsored by the British North-West Frontier Agency at Ludhiana in November 1834. The paper, a four page sheet initially, but doubling its size within two years, started printing at the American Missionary Press, Ludhiana, shifting to the Pashauri Mall Press, Ludhiana, in June

HIRA SINGH KALAL, of Pasrur in Sialkot district, went in company with Thakur Singh Sandharivalia travelling to England in 1884 to meet Maharaja Dulccp Singh. On his return to India, he is said to have acted as an intermediary between the Raja of Kashmir, Baba Khem Singh Bedi and