TAKHT SINGH, BHAI (1870-1937), a pioneer of women\'s education, was born at Firozpur around 1870. His father, Deva Singh Nihang, is said to have fought in both of the Anglo Sikh wars (1845-46 and 1848-49). Takht Singh passed the High Proficiency (Vidvan) examination in 1887 from the Oriental College

BIR, a term used for a recension or copy of the Guru Granth Sahib, is derived from Skt. verb vid meaning "to make strong or firm, strengthen, fasten, or to be strong, firm or hard." The Punjabi verb birana which means "to fix, bind or fasten (something) firmly, or to

Dard, Hira Singh, an eminent story writer, wrote with a reformatory attitude. He indirectly preached certain reforms keeping in view the realistic side of life. His story \'Rakhri\'1 is of this nature. The character, of the quarrelsome, rude and unlettered Rukmani—the heroine—making her home a hell and over hen-pecked

GHUMMAN, KAPUR SINGH Ghumman, Kapur Singh (1927 - 1985), born at Dulcheeke in the District of Sialkot in 1927, was an eminent Punjabi dramatist. He also explored the Punjabi folk-literature. He obtained degrees of M.A. in Punjabi and Munshi Fazil in Urdu, Lahore and started his career as a

JODH SINGH, BHAI (1882-1981), patriarchal Figure for many years in the fields of Sikh theology, education and politics, was born on 31 May 1882 at Ghungrila, in Rawalpindi district, now in Pakistan, the son of Ram Singh and Gulab Devi. Named Ranbir Singh at birth and later called Sant

Dr. Surinder Singh Kohli, who served as Head of the Punjabi Department in the Punjab University for 17 years before he retired from service, is like Dr. Harbhajan Singh both a creative writer and a critic. He is the author of Gurudev (1944), a Mahakavya (epic) and a topographical

PAURIAN GURU GOBIND SINGH KIAN is a poetic composition in Punjabi, in praise of Guru Gobind Singh, with a brief description of the battle of Bharigani (1688). Pauri is the name given to each stanza of a vdr (ballad), paundn being the plural form. The text totally consists of

SAMPURAN SINGH RAMAN, JATHEDAR (1895-1970), active in Akali politics and in the Praja Mandal movement, was born in 1895, the son of Hari Singh Man and Bhag Kaur of Maur Dhilvah in present day Bathinda district of the Punjab. The family later shifted to Raman where Hari Singh had

Sandhu, Gulzar Singh was born at Kotia Badia, district Ludhiana in 1933/5, his mother\'s native place. His family hails from the village of Soni in Hoshiarpur district. Both from the father\'s side and the mother\'s side, he draws upon a lineage of Jagirdars or fief-holders from the time of the

Singh, Karanjit, a University teacher, has authored two collections of poems. These are Rishte (Relations) and Phul Vi Angare Vi (Both Blossoms and Sparks) besides a collection of sketches called Kalam di Akh (Pen Portraits) a critique of Mohan Singh\'s poetry ”Mohan Singh Kavya Adhyan (A Study of Mohan

TARA SINGHNEHRU PACT refers to an understanding arrived at in 1959 between Master Tara Singh, the Akali leader, and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India, in order to remove certain misgivings of the Sikhs with regard to government interference in their religious affairs. Looming in the background was the

ADDAN SHAH, BHAI (1688-1757), third in succession to Bhai Kanhaiya, founder of the Sevapanthi sect, was born in 1688 in the village of Lau in Jhang district, now in Pakistan. His parents were of a devout temperament and he inherited from them a deeply religious bent of mind. He