NAHAR SINGH MAN (d. 1806) was born the son of Sarja Singh Man (d. 1763) of Mughal Chakk in Gujrariwala district, now in Pakistan. Like his brothers, Pahar Singh Man and Jai Singh Man, he entered the service of Mahari Singh Sukkarchakkia and participated in his military campaigns. He

PUNJAUB, THE, which according to its subtitle, is a brief account of the country of the Sikhs, its extent, history, commerce, productions, government, manufactures, laws, religion, etc., was written by Lieut Colonel Henry Steinbach, a European officer in the Khalsa army, and was first published by Smith, Edder, & Co.,

RATAN KAUR, RANI, widow of Sahib Singh, the Bharigi chief of Gujrat, was in 1811 taken by Maharaja Ranjit Singh under his mantle by the rite of chddar anddzi after the death of her husband. In 1819, she gave birth to Prince Multana Singh. She survived the Maharaja, and

SUKH RAJ (d. 1842) was the youngest of the five sons of Misr Divan Chand, a general in Maharaja Ranjit Singh`s army. Sukh Raj himself joined an infantry regiment and soon rose to be its commandant. He commanded a number of infantry battalions and took part in several of

VIESKENAWITCH, a Russian adventurer, who, after several years of brigandage, escaped to Persia and took up service under Shah Abbas Mirza. He had attained the rank of colonel when he resigned and travelling through Central Asia, reached Peshawar in January 1829. Here he was employed by Pir Muhammad Khan

AJIT SINGH, RAJA, ruler of Ladva, was born the son of Gurdit Singh who had acquired territory around Thanesar after the conquest by Sikhs in 1764 of the Mughal province of Sirhind. Gurdit Singh, who belonged to the same clan as Ranjit Singh, originally came from the village of

AVITABILE, PAOLO CRESCENZO MARTINO (1791-1850), a Neapolitan soldier of fortune who, starting life as a private gunner, succeeded in obtaining high ranks in two widely separated Asiatic armies of Persia and Punjab, was born at Agerola, Naples, Italy, on 25 October 1791. From 1807 onwards he successively served in the

BUDDH SINGH SANDHANVALIA (d. 1827), soldier wdjagirdar in the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, was son of Amir Singh Sandhanvalia, his two brothers being the more famous Lahina Singh Sandhanvalia and Atar Singh Sandhanvalia. Buddh Singh entered the Maharaja`s service in 1811. The first independent command he held was

DIVAN CHAND. MISR (d. 1825), a general in Maharaja Ranjit Singh`s army, was the son of a Brahman shopkeeper of the village of Gondlanvala, in Gujranwala district, now in Pakistan. He had come to the notice of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1812 during one of his tours and was

GHULAM MURTAZA, MIRZA, served the Lahore Darbar under Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his successors for several years. One of his ancestors, Hadi Beg, a Mughal migrant from Samarkand, had emigrated to the Punjab in 1530 during the reign of Babar and got appointment as qdzi or magistrate over seventy

HONIGBERGER, DOCTORJOHN MARTIN (17951-865), physician to the court of Lahore from 1829 to 1849 and known to his Sikh contemporaries as Martin Sahib, was a Transylvanian born at Kronstadt in 1795. He combined with his medical knowledge an ardent spirit of enquiry and adventure. He had a great fascination for

JODH SINGH RASULPURIA (d. 1857), feudatory sarddr of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He was the son of Sujan Singh, who had acquired territories in the Jalandhar Doab and in Ambala.Jodh Singh, driven out of his possessions by the chief of Kalsia, settled at Rasulpur near Tarn Taran in Amritsar district.