PRATAP SINGH, BHAI (1899-1922), one of the two martyrs in the Parija Sahib (Hasan Abdal) episode, was born on 26 March 1899 to Bhai Sarup Singh and Prem Kaur at Akalgarh, in Gujrariwala district, now in Pakistan. His father was a goldsmith by profession. He received his instruction at the

RAMKAIJ SADU, by Sundar, is an "elegy" (sadd, in Punjabi) included in the Guru Granth Sahib in Raga Ramkali, eighteenth of the thirty-one musical measures used in Sikh Scripture. Sadd is a form of folk poetry prevalent in rural Punjab. Literally the term means an invocation call, hark or

SAHIB KAUR, BIBI (1771-1801), warrior and leader of men who played a prominent part in the history of the cis Sutlej states from 1793 to 1801, was the elder sister of Raja Sahib Singh of Patiala. Born in 1771, Sahib Kaur was married at an early age to Jaimal

SANT SINGH GIANI, BHAI (1768-1832), renowned man of letters and custodian of Sri Darbar Sahib at Amritsar in Sikh times, came of a devout family of Chiniot, in present day Jhang district of Pakistan. His grandfather, Bhai Ram Singh had spent his life preaching Sikhism in those parts. His

SHAHPUR KALAN, a village 13 km west of Sunam (30"7`N, 75"48`E) in Sangrur district of the Punjab, is sacred to Guru Tegh Bahadur who, during one of his journeys through the Malva country, came and stayed here near the pond north of the village. Gurdwara Mahji Sahib Patshahi IX, which

SUKHMANI, titled Gauri Sukhmani in the Guru Granth Sahib after the musical measure Gauri to which it belongs, is a lengthy composition by Guru Arjan which many include in their daily regimen of prayers. The site, once enclosed by a dense wood, where it was composed around AD 160203,

UDDOKE, a village about 10 km from Batala (31"49`N, 75"12`E), on the boundary between Amritsar and Gurdaspur districts of the Punjab, is sacted to Guru Nanak, who stayed here on his way to Batala, where he got married in September 1487. Uddoke is in fact divided into two villages,

VARYAM SINGH. BHAI (1870-1921), one of the Nankana Sahib martyrs, was the second of the four sons of Bhai Bhag Singh and Mai Chand Kaur, Kamboj landowners of Nizampur village, about 8 km east of Amritsar. The family later migrated to Nizampur Chelevala in Sheikh upura district (now in Pakistan).

ATAR SINGH, SANT (1867-1927), of Gurdwara Reru Sahib at Rampur, in Ludhiana district in the Punjab, was born in March 1867 at the village of Lopon, now in Faridkot district. He was the son of Lal Singh, the village headman. Atar Singh was married in 1885 to Bishan Kaur

AD BHAVANI - \'You are called Ad Bhavani, Where do you hide yourself when you have to grant salvation?\' (Gond Namdev, p. 874) The word Ad means \'from the beginning\' and Bhavani is another name of Durga, the wife of Shiva. Thus Ad Bhavani may connote the Shakti of

BARATH, a village 8 km southwest of Pathankot (32° 15`N, 75° 32`E) in Gurdaspur district of the Punjab, has a historical shrine, Gurdwara Tap Asthan Baba Sri Chand Ji, popularly called Gurdwara Barath Sahib. Baba Sri Chand, the elder son of Guru Nanak, chose for himself the life of