HARI SINGH KAHARPURI, SANT (1888-1973), Sikh saint and preacher, was born in 1888 in a Liddar Jatt family of the village of Jian, in Hoshiarpur district of the Punjab. He was the youngest of the three sons of Avtar Singh and Atar Kaur. He received instruction in religious texts from

INDAR SINGH, BHAI (1881-1921), one of the Nankana Sahib martyrs, was born on 27 January 1881, the son of Bhai Sarmukh Singh and Mai Sukhdel of Pandori Nijjharari in Jalandhar district. He learnt reading and writing Punjabi in the village gurudwara, and grew up into a strongly built young

JAUNPUR (25°47`N, 82°40`E), a district town in Uttar Pradesh, situated on the bank of the River Gomati, claims a historical gurudwara known as Gurdwara Tap Asthan Sri Guru Tegh BahadurJi (Bari Sarigat) or simply Gurdwara Ban Sarigat. A Sikh sangal was in existence inJaunpur when Guru Tegh Bahadur passed

KANHAIYA SINGH, BHAI (1881-1921), son of Bhai Sundar Singh and Mai Afar Kaur of Pharala village in Jalandhar district, was one of the victims of Mahant Narain Das of Nankana Sahib. One of their relations, Bhai Bodh Singh, had settled in Chakk No. 91 Dhannuana in Lyallpur district (now

KIRPAL SINGH, ARTIST (1923-1990), the creator of Sikh history in colour, was born the son of Bhagat Singh and Har Kaur in a small village Vara Chain Singhvala in Firozpur district of the Punjab on 10 December 1923. He inherited interest in art from his father who

LANG, a village 11 km northwest of Patiala city (30°20`N, `ZG^G`E), claims a historical shrine called Gurdwara Dukh Bhanjan Sahib Patshahi Nauvin. The designation Dukh Bhanjan is only a recent addition, the old name coming down the generations being Gurdwara NauvTri Patshahi. According to local tradition. Guru Tegh Bahadur

MANGAL SINGH KIRPAN BAHADUR, BHAI (1895-1921), one of the Nankana Sahib martyrs was born in 1895, the son of Bhai Ratia and Mat Hukmi in the village of Uddokc, in Gurdaspur district. He lost both of his parents while yet a small child, and grew up in very adverse circumstances

MUNDAVANI (lit. a seal or riddle), the concluding hymn of the Guru Granth Sahib composed by Guru Arjan as an epilogue to the Scripture which he had himself compiled and the first copy of which was transcribed under his guidance. The hymn comprises two parts; in the first part,

PAINTIS AKKHARI, lit., a poem based on paintis or thirty-Five letters, is a composition in the form of an acrostic utilizing for successive verses the thirty-five characters of the Gurmukhi alphabet. The poem is sometimes attributed to Guru Nanak but mistakenly, for it is not included in the Guru

PHARVAHI, a village 5 km southeast of Barnala (30°22`N, 75°32`E) in Sangrur district of the Punjab, has a historical gurdwara dedicated to Guru Tegh Bahadur who, according to local tradition, arrived here from Katlu in 1665 and stayed overnight. It is said that when the sangat requested the Guru

SADHNA, one of the fifteen saints and sufis whose hymns are incorporated in the Guru Granth Sahib, was a qasai or butcher by profession who, by nis piety and devotion, had gained spiritual eminence. He is believed to have been born at the village of Sehvan, in Sindh. He was