PHUNHK, plural of phunha, a word derived from the Sanskrit punha meaning `again`, is the name of a poetic metre in which a particular term or phrase occurs repeatedly in each chhand or may be in each verse of a poem; in the Guru Granth Sahib it is the title

RAM DAS, GURU (1534-1581), is the fourth Guru or spiritual mentor of the Sikhs in the line of Guru Nanak, Guru Arigad and Guru Arnar Das. "Ram Das" translates as servant or slave of God (ram = God + dds slave). Blessed by Guru Amar Das with the light of

SAHIB CHAND (d.1700), a Sikh warrior in attendance upon Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708). He took part in the battle of Bhangani. The Guru in his autobiographical composition. Bachitra Natak, makes a special mention of his valour during this battle. Sahib Chand took part in the various encounters with the

SAMPAT PATH is a variation of akhand path in which the reading of every single complete hymn of the Guru Granth Sahib is followed by the reading of a predetermined sabda or sJoka ( from the Guru Granth. Sahib itself) which is thus repeated throughout the recitation. The path

SEVA SINGH, BHAI (1897-1921). one of the Nankana Sahib martyrs, was born in Magghar 1954 Bk/November December 1897, the son of Bhai Ishar Singh and Mai Atto of Chakk No. 80 Nizampur Mula Singhvala, district Sheikhupura. He attended the village primary school and also learnt land or the Mahajani script

TAHIL SINGH, BHAI (1875-1921), one of the Nankana Sahib martyrs, was born in 1875, the eldest son of Bhai Chanda Singh and Mai Rukko, Kamboj residents of Nizampur village in Amritsar district.On the opening of the Lower Chenab Canal Colony in western Punjab (now Pakistan), the family moved, in 1892,

TRILOCHAN, one of the three Maharashtrian saint poets whose compositions are included in the Guru Granth Sahib, the other two being Namdev and Parmanand. Trilochan is said to have been born in AD 1267 of a Vaisya family. There is no unanimity among scholars regarding the place of his

VAR MALAR Kl MAHALLA I, composition of the first Guru (i.e. Guru Nanak), is one of the twenty-two vars appearing in the Guru Grandi Sahib under different ragas. A var is a folk poem of war and chivalry, celebrating a hero and his gallantry. In the Guru Granth Sahib

AKAR, a village in the interior of Patiala district, possesses a historical shrine called Gurdwara Nim Sahib. The Gurdwara commemorates the visit of Guru Tegh Bahadur who, during one of his journeys through the Malva territory, put up here near a mm (margosa) tree, which still exists. The leaves

ARUR SINGH, BHAI (1872-1921), one of the Nankana Sahib martyrs, was born in November 1872 at Thothian village in Amritsar district, the son of Bhai Nihal Singh and Mat Jio. His education was limited to reading and writing the Gurmukhi script which he learnt in the village gurdwara. He