sikh

MURRAY, Dr, a British physician attached to 4th Native Infantry, who was in 1836 sent from Ludhiana to Lahore by the British for Maharaja Ranjit Singh`s treatment after he had suffered a stroke of paralysis. During his 8 months` stay in Lahore, Murray found it difficult to persuade the Maharaja to accept his treatment. Nevertheless, his despatches from Lahore to the Ludhiana Political Agency provide interesting information about the Maharaja, his government and his nobles.

NARALI, village in Gujjarkhan subdivision of the Rawalpindi district in Pakistan, had a historical Sikh shrine, Gurdwara Patshahi VI, commemorating the visit of Guru Hargobind who briefly halted here during his journey towards Kashmir in 1619. The Guru`s purpose was to meet in this village an old Sikh, Bhai Harbans, popularly known as Harbans Tapa, i.e. Harbans the Ascetic. The Gurdwara, which had within its compound Harbans` samadh or tomb, had to be abandoned as a sequel to the partition of the Punjab in 1947 causing a two way migration of population.

NARAKA (HELL) If after many austerities one is inflated with ego, he transmigrates repeatedly in Hell and Heaven. (Gauri Sukhmani M. 5, p. 278) The world deals in three modes, it transmigrates repeatedly in Hell and Heaven. (Asa M. 5, p. 389) A Shakta falls and suffers in eighty-four hells. (Maru M. l, p. 1028) There are many sufferings in horrible hell, which is the abode of ungrateful people. (Var Gauri M. 4, Sbalok M. 5, p. 315) Those who remember the Lord, they do not go to hell. (Majh M. 5, p. 132) In Hindu literature twenty-eight different divisions of hell have been enumerated.

PANTHIC PRATINIDHI BOARD was a panel set up by Sikhs at a representative convention presided by Mohan Singh Nagoke, Jathedar Akal Takht, held at Teja Singh Samundri Hall, Amritsar, on 910 June 1946 to protest against the constitutional proposals announced by the British Cabinet Mission. The Labour Government which had taken office in Britain in consequence of national election in the summer of 1945 displacing the Conservative leader, Winston Churchill, had promised an "early realization of full self government in India." It sent out a special mission consisting of three Cabinet ministers, Lord Pethick Lawrence, Sir Stafford Cripps and Mr A.V.

PHERU, BHAI (1640-1706), an Udasi Sikh preacher, was born the son of Bhai Binna Uppal of Amb Man in parganah Mien ki Maur in Lahore district (now in Pakistan). His original name was Sarigat. As he grew up, he adopted peddling as a profession and earned the nickname of Pheru, (lit.peripatetic). Journeying out with his wares once, he met Bhai Bhagatu, a devout Sikh who led him to the presence of Guru Har Rai (1630-61) at Kiratpur.

PRITAM SINGH GOJRAN, JATHEDAR (1896-1976), born into a simple rural family, rose, without advantages of education and worldly means, to the position of president of the Shiromani Akali Dal, to be distinguished from the Riydsti Akali Dal (representing only Sikhs living in the princely states of the Punjab), by his solid qualities of character. He was born Dalip Singh in 1896, the only son of Kishan Singh Dhalival and Partap Kaur of village Gojrari in present day Sarigrur district of the Punjab. His father died when he was still very young and his mother remarried. Pritam Singh grew up as a neglected child and in January 1915 enlisted in the army.

RAJAS OF THE PUNJAB, by Sir Lepel H. Griffin, first published in 1870 and reprinted in 1970 by the Languages Department, Punjab, Patiala, contains accounts of the principal Sikh princely states in the Punjab and of their political relations with the paramount power. The author admits that the title of the work is open to objection because of the omission from it of some of the important chiefs of the Punjab such as those of Kashmir and Bahawalpur.

RANJODH SINGH MAJITHIA (d. 1872). military commander and jagirdar of the Sikh Darbar was the son of Desa Singh Majithia and foster brother of Lahina Singh Majithia. Details of his early career under Maharaja Ranjit Singh are scarce. British records, however, locate him as the governor of Hazara and the commander of Darbar troops in 1844. He was called to lead Sikh military operations against Jasrota to forestall the machinations of Raja Gulab Singh Dogra of Jammu. General Sham Singh Atarivala and General Ratan Singh Man followed separately the main Sikh army under Ranjodh Singh.

SAHAJ, in Sikh vocabulary, refers to a state of mental and spiritual equipoise without the least intrusion of ego; unshaken natural and effortless serenity attained through spiritual discipline. Ego (aharn or haumai) develops out of the undifferentiated primordial being as a result of the sociocultural conditioning factors that generate as a result of a process of individuation. Ego is thus a mere psychic substantive, a myth that not only begins to shroud the primordial nature of the human soul, but also is responsible for all kinds of emotional and volitional disturbances.

SAN GRAND, sankranti in Sanskrit, is the first day of each month of the Indian solar calendar, based on the shifting of the sun from one house (rasi) to another. From quite early in human history, the sun, and its satellites, the planets, came to be regarded as objects endowed with celestial mind, a definite personality and the capability of influencing the destinies of human beings. They became the deities whose favourable intervention was sought by men in their affairs.