Alphabetical Index

DOJAKA (DOZAKHA) How can he be saved from Dojaka (Dozakha—hell), who does not keep the Prophet in his mind? (Var Gauri M. 5, pp. 319-20) Forsaking the diamond-like Han, if people rely on any other, they will go to Dojaka (Dozakha), Ravidas says this Truth. (Shalok Kabir, p. 1377) The Muslims use the word \'Dozakha\' for hell. Seven divisions of hell have been described in Muslim commentaries : 1. Johunnam: the purgatorial hell. 2. Laza: blazing fire 3. Al-Hutamah: an intense fire. 4. Saeer: a flaming fire. 5. Saqar: a scorching fire. 6. Al-Jahim: a huge hot fire; and 7. Hawiyah: a bottomless pit. Different types of souls categorised by their actions are sent to different hells.

DORAHA (30° 48`N, 76° 2`E), an old village along the Grand Trunk Road 20 km east of Ludhiana, claims an historical shrine, Gurdwara Damdama Sahib Patshahi Chhevin, sacred to Guru Hargobind, Nanak VI. According to local tradition, Guru Hargobind encamped here for a night travelling back from the Gwalior Fort. The present complex, a rectangular flat roofed hall with ancillary buildings inside a walled compound, was constructed in 1932. The Gurdwara is managed by the local sangat. M.G.S.

DOST MUHAMMAD KHAN. AMIR (1791-1863), ruler of Kabul and Qandahar, was the son of Painda Khan (executed 1799), the Barakzai chief. Dost Muhammad`s first engagement with the Sikhs was at Attock, the Afghan citadel, which had fallen into the hands of the Sikhs in June 1813. In the conflict which lasted three months, Dost Muhammad Khan, who himself led the attack in the battle of Haidru, 8 km from Attock, was badly mauled by the Sikh force commanded by Diwan Mohkam Chand. As a result of the fighting among the members of the Durrani and Barakzai families, Dost Muhammad finally established himself in 1823 in Kabul, Kashmir having been lost to the Sikhs in 1819.

DOTTENWEISS or DOTTERWICH, a short statured, stoutly built German who, in 1835, joined the army of Maharaja Ranjit Singh as a military tactician. He was found unequal to the appointment and was dismissed from the service soon afterwards.

DUBUIGNON, ROBERT WALTER, DE TALBOT (1809-1868), a French adventurer in the employ of Begam Samaru of Sardhana, who came to Lahore to seek better prospects. He obtained employment in the Sikh court through the good offices of General Ventura, and was assigned to General Allard as aide decamp. He left the service after about a year to go into business, exporting goods from Kashmir to France in exchange for French merchandise. He died at Ludhiana in 1868.

DUDDHI, a village 7 km to the southwest of Ladva (29° 59`N, 77° 3`E) in Kurukshetra district of Haryana, has a historical shrine, Gurdwara Diorhi Sahib, dedicated to Guru Tegh Bahadur. As he was travelling in those parts, the Guru was invited by the inhabitants to visit their village. By this they wished to expiate a misdemeanour they had committed. Guru Tegh Bahadur accepted their invitation and gave them his blessing. The villagers constructed a platform to commemorate his visit.

DUDDUN RAM, a saintly person of Pandori, in present day Amritsar district of the Punjab. He gave shelter in his dera at Pandori to some Sikh women and children when the Sikhs were being hounded out in 1817 Bk / AD 1760 by the joint forces of the subahs of Sirhind, Multan and Lahore under the orders of Ahmad Shah. A Niranjania informed the Mughal scouts, who searched the dera. As no Sikhs were apprehended inside the dera, Duddun Ram and his disciples were tortured, but they gave out nothing.

DUGAR DAS, BHAI, Sarin Khatri of Takiar clan, received instruction from Guru Ram, Das and became a devoted Sikh. "Takiar the virtuous" is how Bhai Gurdas describes him in his Varan, XI. 17. See DHARAM DAS, BHAI

Duggal, Kartar Singh (1917 - ) is one of the most prolific fictionist in Punjabi. He was born at Pothohar town in Dhamiyal (now in Pakistan). He is well-acqainted with the life of rural Punjab, particularly before the Partition which left ever-oozing scars on the psyche of the brave and hard working people of Punjab. After the Partition, he has been living in Jalandher, Delhi and Hyderabad and holding prominent positions in the government and is therefore well-equipped to paint in detail the urban life and its changing scenario. We find several strands in his stories are marked by a consumate artistry and psychological insight.

DUGGHRI, 5 km east of Chamkaur Sahib (30° 53`N, 76° 25`E) in Ropar district of the Punjab, is...

DUHSASANA In the court of Duhsasana, while Draupadi\'s garments were being taken off, she was saved (by Krishna). (Mali Gaura Namdev, p. 988) Duhsasana was one of the hundred sons of Dhritarashtra. He was the younger brother of Duryodhana. When the Pandavas lost their wife Draupadi in gambling match, she was dragged as slave by Duhsasana by her hair and ill-treated her. On seeing the plight of Draupadi, Bhima swore that he would drink the blood of Duhsasana. See : Durjodhana (Duryodhana) and Daropadi (Draupadi)

DUKH BHANJANI BERI See AMRITSAR

DULA SINGH (d. 1857), son of Khushal Singh, was a cavalry officer in the Sikh army. He was most of the time employed on the Afghan frontier, and received severe wounds in the expedition against Dost Muhammad Khan. This forced him to retire, on aJa^ir. from active service while still a young man. Dula Singh died in 1857 at his native village Kalasvala, in Sialkot district, leaving behind six sons.

DULEEP SINGH, MAHARAJA (1838-1893), the last Sikh sovereign of the Punjab, was born at Lahore on 6 September 1838, the youngest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. On 18 September 1843, at the age of five, he was, after the murder of Maharaja Sher Singh, proclaimed Maharaja of the Punjab with his mother, MaharanIJind Kaur, as his Regent. The country was in a state of disorder and the army had become all powerful. Though little Duleep Singh attended all the council meetings seated on the royal throne, the real authority had passed from the palace to the cantonment and the military panchayats. The English, who had been watching the happenings in the Sikh State with more than a neighbour`s interest, were looking for an opportunity to strike and penetrate into the Punjab.

DULEY, village in Ludhiana district, 17 km southwest from the city (30° 54`N, 75° 52`E), claims a historical shrine called Gurdwara Phalahi Sahib Patshahi 10. Guru Gobind Singh halted here awhile under a phalahi tree, while travelling from Alamgir toJodhari at the close of 1705. An imposing new gurdwara building, a large rectangular hall, has been completed recently. There is a basement below the prakash asthan representing the site of the original building, and above it is a room topped by a highdomed pavilion. Four more doublestoreyed domed pavilions surround the central pavilion.

DUMAL GARH SAHIB GURUDWARA, ANANDPUR This Gurdwara is on the northern side of Kesgarh Sahib. Here, Guru Sahib used to train his sons. This place was also used as a playing ground. Wrestling matches and other competitions were also held here. On November 2,1703 when Ajmer Chand, the ruler of Bilaspur attacked Anandpur Sahib, Guru Sahib was sitting here under a bunyan tree.