Alphabetical Index

JHANDA SINGH (d. 1774) succeeded his father, Hari Singh, to the leadership of the Bharigi principality upon his death in 1765. Under Jhanda Singh, the power and prestige of the Bharigi misi rapidly increased. In 1766, he challenged both Shuja` Khan. Afghan governor of Multan, and Mubarak Khan, the ruler of Bahawalpur. As a result of the battle that followed, the holy town of Pakpattan was declared to be the line of demarcation between the Bharigi territories and those belonging to the Muslim chiefs. In 1772, Jhanda Singh attacked Multan once again, and drove out the Nawab. Multan became a Khalsa territory and the city was parcelled out between Jhanda Singh and his commander, Lahina Singh.Jhanda Singh then went on to sack Jharig, Khushab, Mankcra and Kala Bagh. He also attacked the stronghold of Chattha Jatts at Rasulnagar, later known as Ramnagar.

JHANDA SINGH BUTAUA (d. 1883), son of Sham Singh, was a jdgirddr and military commander under Maharaja Ranjil Singh. He saw military service in Purichh where Diwan Dhanpat Rai and Mir Baz Khan had been giving trouble, and was then ordered to Hazara. He accompanied the Maharaja in the campaign of 1821-22 when Mankera and Dera Ismail Khan were taken, and received for his gallantry valuable presents. He remained mostly on the frontier, in Chhachh, Peshawar and Hazara. He was a man of energy and ability, and the Maharaja gave him charge, under Sardar Hari Singh Nalva, of this most unruly part of the country.

JHANDA, BHAI, of the village of Dalla, now in Kapurthala district of the Punjab, was a devoted Sikh of the time of Guru Amar Das. He was among those who waited on the Guru when he visited Dalla. Among the visitors was also a learned Pandit. He undertook to serve the Sikhs by reciting to them the holy texts and ask for nothing in return. The Guru ended the assembly by adjuring the Sikhs faithfully to observe the Gurus` festivals. See Bhai Gurdas, Varan, XI. 16. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Mani Singh, Bhai, Siklun`i di Bfiagnt Maid.

JHANJHU, BHAI, was a talented musician of the time of Guru Arjan. Once he, accompanied by Bhai Kidara and Bhai Mukanda, who were also musicians by profession, wait ed on the Guru and prayed for instruction. Bhai Jhanjhu and his companions took the Guru`s precept and were content to spend their days thereafter performing kirlan in his presence. They had no other worldly desire left. They lived on what they were offered and never aspired for more. In this way, tells Bhai Man! Singh, Sikhdn di Bhagai Maid, they attained liberation.

JHATKA, the Sikh mode of killing an animal for food, also stands for the meal of an animal or bird so killed. Derived, etymologically, from jhat, an adverb meaning instantly, immediately or at once, jhatka signifies a Jerk, snap, jolt or a swift blow. For Sikhs jhatka karna or jhatkaund means to slaughter the animal instantaneously, severing the head with a single stroke of any weapon or killing with gunshot or electrocution. The underlying idea is to kill the animal with the minimum of torture to it.Jhatka is opposed to kuttha that is meat of an animal slaughtered by a slow process in the Muslim way known as halal (lit. legal, legitimate, lawful).

JHIVAR HERI, a village in Yamunanagar district of Haryana 23 km southwest of Jagadhri (30°10`N, 77″18`E), has a...

JHORAR, a village still flanked on two sides by arid mounds of shifting sands, 6 km northeast of Bara Gudha railway station (29"43`N, 75"1`E), in Sirsa district of Haryana, is sacred to Guru Gobind Singh, who made a brief halt here while travelling from Talvandi Sabo towards Sirsa in the winter of 1706. Gurdwara Patshahi X, constructed in the 1950`s, is a flat roofed hall, within a lowwallcd compound. It is maintained by the village sanga.l.

JIND (29"18`N, 76"19`E), a district town in Haryana, was once the capital of a Sikh slate of this name. Even after the capital had been shifted to Sarigrur in 1827, the coronation ceremony of the rulers continued to be performed at Jind. GURDWARA MANJI SAHIB SRI GURU TEGH BAHADUR SAHIB, commemorating the visit of Guru Tegh Bahadur, was constructed by Raja Gajpat Singh, the first Sikh ruler of Jind state. Of the original building only the three storeyed gateway now remains.

JIND KAUR, MAHARANI (1817-1863), popularly known as Jindari, was wife of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and mother of Maharaja Duleep Singh, the last Sikh sovereign of the Punjab. She was daughter of Manna Singh, an Aulakh Jail of Gujrariwala, who held an humble position at the court as an overseer of the royal kennels. Scant notice of Maharam Jind Kaur is taken either by the official Lahore diarist, Sohan Lal Suri, or the British records until 1838, when according to the former, a munshi brought the blessed tidings of the birth of a son to her. It appears that she and her son lived a life of obscurity under the care of Raja Dhian Singh at Jammu.

JINDVAL, village 1 km southeast of Bahga (31011`N, 76"E) along the Phagwara Nawanshahr road in Nawanshahr district of the Punjab, is sacred to Guru Hargobind, who stayed here for a time, during Ins journey from Kartarpur to Kiratpur in 1635, to get his favourite horse, Suhela, treated. The original building of the shrine, Gurdwara Charan Kahval Patshahi Chhevin, constructed by Maharaja Ranjit Singh, was replaced by a new one raised in 1947. Built in a walled compound entered through an imposing gateway, the central building standing on a high plinth is a square marble floored hall with the sanctum in the middle and a verandah around it.

JINDVARI, village 14 km west of Anandpur in Ropar district of the Punjab, claims a historical shrine formerly...

JINWADA, pronounced Jinvara, 11 km from Bidar (17"55`N, 77"32T.) in Karnataka is situated along the road connecting Bidar to BarauliAuradh, a Talluqa headquarters in Bidar district. Gurdwara Tap Asthan Mai Bhago at Jinwada honours the memory of Mai Bhago, revered as a saint, who fought in the battle of Muktsar. From Muktsar onwards, she constantly remained in the train of Guru Gobind Singh s followers and travelled with them to the Dcccan. After the Guru`s passing away at Nandcd, MaT Bhago retired further south.

JIT MALL, a cousin of Guru Gobind Singh, was the son of Bhai Sadhu, a Khosia Khatrl of Malla, in present day Faridkot district of the Punjab, and Bibi Viro, daughter of Guru Hargobind and elder sister of Guru Tegh Bahadur. As recorded in Guru Gobind Singh`s autobiographical poem Bachiira Ndtak,]{. Mall and his four brothers took a heroic part in the battle of Bharigam, near Paonta, now in Himachal Pradcsh, fought on 18 September 1688. In reverberating verse matching the fierce pace of the battle, Guru Gobind Singh describes how the mighty Raja Hari Chand who had kept up a deadly discharge of arrows was challenged by JTt Mall and felled with a single thrust of his spear. JTt Mall was among two of the five brothers who were killed in the battle.

JITOJI, MATA, the first wife of Guru Gobind Singh who died in 1700, was the daughter of Bhai Hari Jas, a Subhikkhi Khatn of Lahore. The betrothal had taken place in 1673. The father in law had desired that the bridegroom should come at the head of a marriage party to Lahore where the ceremony should be performed with due dignity. But the fateful events leading to the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur intervened, and in the changed circumstances it was not possible for the young Guru to go to Lahore. 

JIUN SINGH PARUPKART, BHAI (1884-1921), was the son of Bhai Pahu Mall of Gujrariwala district. His original name was Jiun Mall. In 1902 he, listening to the preachings of Bhai Mill Singh Garmula, went through the rites of Klialsa pdhul and became Jiun Singh. He shifted to Lyallpur town (now Faisalabad in Pakistan) where he set up a small provisions shop. He learnt GurmukhT and committed to memory several passages from the Guru Granth Sahib and a few Vdrs from Bhai Gurdas. He regularly attended the local Gurdwara where he joined the morning choir to recite Asa ki Vdr. Jiun Singh made himself very popular for his honesty and polite manner and his carnestness to be of help to others.

JIVA or living being is not merely physical or material body (deha). It is not even biological or vital breath (prdna). Nor is it just a cluster of senseimpressions {manas), nor intellect {buddhi), nor ego {ahankdrd). The essence of jiva is something beyond all these. It is the Transcendent Self or dtman, which is the knowcr {sdksi), the seer {drishid) and pure consciousness {chit).