Alphabetical Index

JIVA, BHAI, a Sikh living near Khadur Sahib in Amritsar district of the Punjab, who used to bring daily khichan (a dish of rice mixed with lentils) and curds for Guru Angad`s I an gar or community kitchen. One evening as a severe dust storm was raging, he, according to Bhai Man! Singh, Sikhdn di Bhagat Maid, said to the Guru, "May it please you, Lord, to stop this storm so that I may be able to bring the usual victuals tomorrow morning." The Guru remarked: "God`s Will is supreme and no one may try to intervene in it. How does it matter if the meal gets delayed a little." BhaiJiva bowed before the Guru and learnt cheerfully to abide by the Divine Will. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Mani Singh, Bhai, Sikhdn di Bhagat Main.

JIVAN SINGH CHHACHHI (d. 1852), son of Uttam Singh, a Kohli Khatri, was a military commander in Sikh times. His father and grandfather had also served under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Jivan Singh`s contingent, consisting of sixty-five horse, five zamburds or camelswivels, and a kettledrum, was known all along the northwestern frontier for its swift movement. He served at Bannu, Tonk, Mittha Tiwana, Peshawar and Jamrud. For about eight years, he was stationed at Dera Isma`il Khan where he had to face the hostility of the border tribes. He took part in the two AngloSikh wars. He died on 22 September 1852.

JIVAN SINGH KARSEVAVALE, BABA (1894-1974), one of the principal disciples of Sant Gurmukh Singh Karscvavale (1849-1947), was born to Fatch Singh and Khem Kaur, peasants of modest means residing in the village of Rahal Chahal, in Tarn Taran tahsil of Amritsar district in the Punjab. Born in 1894, Jivan Singh grew up into a sturdy young man, interested in wrestling and other rural sports, but never having the chance of going to school. At the age of eighteen, he married Bavi, renamed Kartar Kaur, daughter of Naudh Singh, of Kaleke. Up to the age of about 40 years, Jivan Singh tried Iris hand at various occupations, including farming and to ngadriving. He also took out a trip to Malaya to seek his fortune there.

JIVAN SINGH, BHAI (1649-1705), Bhai Jaila before he had received the rites of initiation at the hands of Guru Gobind Singh in 1699, was a Sikh belonging to the scavenger caste who was given by Guru Gobind Singh the epithet of `Rarigharcta Guru Ka Beta` (the young man of the Rarighar caste is the Guru`s own son) when he brought the severed head of Guru Tcgh Bahadur from Delhi where he was executed under the orders of the emperor. Bhai Jaita was born on 30 November 1649 to mother Karmo and father Sada Chand. At the time of his birth, he was named Jag Chand, shortened to Jagu or Jola.

JIVAN SINGH, COLONEL (d. 1851). eldest of the six sons of Dula Singh of Kalasvala in Siakot district, joined the army of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and was placed under Prince Kharak Singh. He first saw active service in Kashmir where he was wounded. For the bravery he displayed in the Tonk campaign, he was appointed to the adjutancy of the Sher Dil Paltan. He again went on active service in 1841 in Kashmir where he lost his younger brother, Kishan Singh. For his services in the campaign, he was promoted to the command of the regiment.

JIVAN SINGHVALA, village 18 km southeast of Bathinda (30°14`N, 74°59`E) along the link road leading to Talvandi Sabo,...

JIVANMUKTA, in Sikhism the ideal and aim or objective of man`s spiritual life. The term is derived from jivanmukti {j`tvan=`ife; mukli=recasc, liberation, emancipation, freedom from bondage), and means one who has attained liberation from human bondage or one who has attained to the highest spiritual slate of being in tune with the Ultimate while still living. The idea of mukti is encountered, with some conceptual variations, in practically all religious faiths, e.g. moksa in Hinduism, nirvana in Buddhism, nijdt in Islam and salvation in Christianity.

JIVANDA, BHAI, whose name is included by Bhai Gurdas among prominent Sikhs of the first half of the sixteenth century, received initiation at the hands of Guru Arigad. As he first visited the Guru, he was accompanied by Bhai Durga and Bhai Lalu. The Guru in the words of Bhai Mani Singh, Sikhdn di Bhagat Maid, spoke to them: "There is nothing to match parupkdr, i.e. acts of goodwill and charity. One should put the welfare of others above one`s own interests, share with the needy what one has, contribute the labour of one`s hands and limbs for the common good, and pray for the well being of all." Bhai Jivanda and his companions became the Guru`s disciples and practised his advice.

JODH SINGH (1798-1864), son of Deva Singh whose ancestral village was Rariala in Gujrariwala district. Jodh Singh, who came into the jdgir of Rariala, rose to prominence in the kingdom of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. From 1813 to 1825 he served with the Ghorcharas (special cavalry) of SardarJodh Singh Sowariarivala. In 1831,Jodh Singh participated in Prince Sher Singh`s successful campaign against Sayyid Ahmad Khan. In 1834 Jodh Singh became a trooper in Raja Hira Singh`s derd (army unit) and achieved the rank of commandant in 1836; he remained with the same unit until 1848.

JODH SINGH RAMGARHIA (d. 1815), soldier and feudatory chief in Sikh times, was the eldest son of Jassa Singh, the celebrated Ramgarhia Sardar. Ranjil Singh bound himself in a pledge of friendship with Jodh Singh Ramgarhia before the Guru Granth Sahib at Darbar Sahib, Amrilsar. The Maharaja had great reverence for him and used to call him Babaji. He was always seated next to the Maharaja in the royal darbdr. Jodh Singh.was Ranjit Singh`s ally in his earlier campaigns. In 1802, he helped him to seize Amritsar from Mai Sukkhari, widow of Gulab Singh Bharigi.

JODH SINGH RASULPURIA (d. 1857), feudatory sarddr of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He was the son of Sujan Singh, who had acquired territories in the Jalandhar Doab and in Ambala.Jodh Singh, driven out of his possessions by the chief of Kalsia, settled at Rasulpur near Tarn Taran in Amritsar district. He became a jdgirddr of Maharaja Ranjit Singh on conditions of military service. Jodh Singh Rasulpuria died in 1857.

JODH SINGH ROSA (d. 1819), military commander during Maharaja Ranjit Singh`s regime, had joined service in the time of the Maharaja`s grandfather, Charhat Singh. He rebuilt the old village of Rosa, in Chunian parganah of Lahore. His father, Thakar Singh, had died in the expedition led against Kasur in 1765 by the Sikh Sardars, Hari Singh Bhangi,Jassa Singh Ramgarhia and Jai Singh Kanhaiya. After the death of Charhat Singh, Jodh Singh retained his appointment at Gujrariwala under Mahari Singh and Ranjit Singh, and in 1799, he accompanied the latter to Lahore, when the city was captured.

JODH SINGH WAZLRABADIA (d. 1809), son of Gurbakhsh Singh, was a powerful eighteenth century Sikh chief. He possessed the parganahs;of Wazirabad, Karial, Mitranvali and Talvandi Musa Khan, comprising about 500 villages. Jodh Singh and Maharaja Ranjit Singh`s father, Mahari Singh, were great friends, and both often joined hands together to fight against Sahib Singh Bharigi of Gujrat. At the siege of Sodhra in 1792, Jodh Singh is said to have betrayed Mahari Singh. Sahib Singh, who was besieged in the fort, was short of powder, and his surrender was certain. But Jodh Singh, who feared that Mahari Singh would become too powerful were Sahib Singh to give in, supplied the latter with ammunition.

JODH SINGH, BHAI (1882-1981), patriarchal Figure for many years in the fields of Sikh theology, education and politics, was born on 31 May 1882 at Ghungrila, in Rawalpindi district, now in Pakistan, the son of Ram Singh and Gulab Devi. Named Ranbir Singh at birth and later called Sant Singh, Jodh Singh lost his father when he was barely two years old. Of his cleverness at studies, he gave evidence at the village primary school from which he passed out standing first in the district. At Rawalpindi where he joined high school, his mind was exposed to the revitalizing influence of the Singh Sabha renaissance.

JODH, BHAI, a Brahman turned Sikh, served as a cook in Guru ka Larigar in the time of Guru Arigad as well as of Guru Amar Das. He was humble and dedicated and tirelessly cooked and served food at all hours of day. He used to clean the utensils loo, contenting himself wi tli the leftovers as fare for himself. As says Bhai Man! Singh, Sikhdn di Bhagat Maid, Bhai Jodh never touched money. "Jodh the cook prepared food in the langar which he kept serving to the Sikhs all day.

JODH, BHAT, listed in Bhai Gurdas, Varan, XI. 14, as one of the Sikhs of Guru Nanak. See PHIRNA, BHAI