JODH, BHAT, listed in Bhai Gurdas, Varan, XI. 14, as one of the Sikhs of Guru Nanak. See PHIRNA, BHAI
JODHA RAM (d. 1845), a Brahman of Jammu hills, was the father in law of Pandit Jalla, adviser and confidant of Raja Hira Singh Dogra, who became in 1843 the prime minister of the Sikh kingdom of Lahore. It was Jodha Ram who captured Jawahar Singh, brother of Maharani Jind Kaur, by order of Prime Minister Hira Singh. When Jawahar Singh assumed power in May 1845, he had Jodha Ram executed.
JODHA, BHAI, wa.sanrfat Tulaspur (location obscure) during the time of Guru Arjan, was reputed for his probity. He collected the offerings from Sikhs and presented them to the Guru at Amritsar without spending from these a penny on himself. To quote Bhai Mani Singh, Sikhdn di Bhagat Maid, he, like his fellow masands, BhalJallo and Bhai Mohan and BhaiAlam Chand of Garij, Lahore, used to say that appropriation even of the smallest coin of the Sikhs` offerings was like swallowing a housefly which would not only make one throw up the entire food eaten but also make the body sick and weak.
JODHA. BHAI, and Bhai Jamu, both Dhutta Khatris, waited upon Guru Arjan and said: "Lord, you tell us to recite the Name of God with concentration, but our minds wander. What shall we do?" The Guru replied, "He who conquers the mind conquers all. Practising the Name will itself help you restrain the mind from roaming. By repeating God`s Name, you will achieve single pointed attention and your liberation as well." Bhai Jodha and Bhai Jamu followed the advice, says Bhai Mani Singh, and attained liberation.
JODHAN, village 16 km from Ludhiana (30°54`N, 75°52`E), has a gurudwara in memory of Guru Gobind Singh. The shrine, called Gurdwara Damdama Sahib PatshahT 10, marks the site where Guru Gobind Singh halted for rest during his journey from Alamgir to Hehrari towards the close of 1705. The present building, raised in 1954, consists of a square hall with a verandah on three sides. There is an octagonal domed room above the prakdsh asihdn.
JOGA, village 19 km north of Mansa (29°59`N, `75°23`E), in Mansa district of the Punjab, has a historical shrine dedicated to Guru Tegh Bahadur. According to local tradition, the village was not in existence when the Guru visited these parts. He encamped at the site now marked by Gurdwara Patshahi IX, half a kilometre east of presentday vil lage of Joga. No one noticed the Guru`s presence. It was only when he prepared to leave, that Jugraj, the local chief, came to offer obeisance. He requested the Guru to stay a little longer. Guru Tegh Bahadur said, "Establish a village on that mound.
JOGA SINGH. a Sikh youth from Peshawar, who had lived in the presence of Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708) at Anandpur for many years and served him with devotion. One day as his parents, eager to see him married, arrived to escort him back home, the Guru permitted him to depart, saying that he must return at once when recalled. Joga Singh was in the midst of his nuptials and had completed only two of the customary four circumambulations when a Sikh delivered to him the Guru`s letter of recall. He left the ceremony midway and, despite the protestations and importunities of his relations, immediately set out for Anandpur.
JOGENDRA SINGH, SIR (1877-1946). scholar and statesman of old Sikh lineage, and counted among the politest and most accomplished men of his day, was born the second son of Javala Singh on 25 May 1877 at Aira Estate, in Kheri district of what then used to be the United Provinces. His ancestors belonged to the village of Rasulpur in Amritsar district of the Punjab. In old family records he was usually referred to as Jogcndra Singh Rasulpuria. His grandfather, Panjab Singh was a soldier in Maharaja Ranjit Singh`s ghorcharhds, irregular cavalry. He was awarded a jdgir in Oudh in recognition of military service rendered by him after the annexation of the Punjab to the British dominions.
JONES, a deserter from the East India Company`s service, joined Maharaja Ranjit Singh`s army as a gunner. According to Charles Masson, the traveller, Jones participated in the final battle of Multan in 1818 and took charge of the guns, enabling the Akalis to storm the fort.
Joshi, Mohinder Singh, an eminent short story writer, was born in 1919. Since, he belongs to the legal profession, Justice Joshi\'s characters are clearly delineated, plots painfully constructed and the language assiduously polished. His dialogues are measured; the protagonists speaking not a phrase more than that what is absolutely called for. He made his debut as a short story writer in 1958 with his collection entitled Preetan de Parchhaven (The Shadows of Love), and he has not looked back ever since, publishing eleven collections of short stories and a novel called Tarian de Pair Chitar (Footprints of Stars) in 1979.
JOTI BIGAS is the joint title of two poetic compositions, one in Persian and the other in Punjabi, by Bhai Nand Lal Goya, a devoted Sikh of Guru Gobind Singh, much revered in Sikh piety and in letters. Bhai Nand Lal`s verse is classed as approved Sikh canon and can be recited at religious assemblies along with the hymns of the Gurus. Both the works included mJoti Bigds are in the nature of a fervent homage to the Gurus, all ten of whom are acclaimed as sharing the same light, the same voice speaking through ten bodies. The work in Punjabi comprises forty-three couplets whereas the one in Persian has 175 couplets.
JUJHAR SINGH HADA (d. 1696), who comes in for a prominent mention in Guru Gobind Singh`s Bachitra Ndtak, was a Rajput general sent by the Mughal authority to the Sivalik hills in the last decade of the seventeenth century to retrieve its hold on the hill rajas. When the news of Husain Khan`s death on 20 February 1696 at the hands of the men of Raja Gopal of Guler reached Lahore, Dilawar Khan, the Mughal chief, despatched Jujhar Singh to the hills. Jujhar Singh recaptured the town of Bhallan, in Una district, which the hill ro/dshad occupied, but, before he could consolidate his position, he was attacked by Gaj Singh ofJasvan. In spite of Jujhar Singh`s hostility.
JUJHAR SINGH, SAHIBZADA (1691-1705), the second son of Guru Gobind Singh, was born to Mata Jitoji at Anandpur on 14 March 1691. Like his elder brother, Ajit Singh, he started training in the fighting skills as soon as he started learning the religious texts. In 1699, when he was eight years old, he received the rites of Khalsa initiation. By the time it became necessary to leave Anandpur under the pressure of a besieging host in December 1705, Jujhar Singh, nearing the completion of his fifteenth year, was an experienced young warrior, strong and fearless.
K1SHAN CHAND, RAI (d. 1873), news writer and vakil or agent of the Sikh court at Ludhiana, the British post on the Anglo Sikh frontier, was son of Bakhshi Anand Singh. Well versed in diplomacy, he accompanied Colonel Claude Wade on a political mission to Peshawar in 1839. In 1840, Karivar Nan Nihal Singh conferred on him the title of Rai. After the death of Maharaja Sher Singh, he began exercising civil and criminal powers over territories under the protection of the Lahore Darbar, and amassed great wealth. When Raja Hira Singh became the prime minister, he grew jealous of Rai Kishan Chand`s increasing influence and his pro Gulab Singh leanings.
If you pray fraudulently in your mind, what is the need of going to Ka\'bah .for a Å«^/ ? (Prabhali Kabir, p. 1350) The Sheikh (Muslim divine) without the quality of sabar (patience)—why should he go to Ka\'bab for a hajj, says Kabir ? The one who has no completeness of the heart, why should he hope for union with God? (Shalok Kabir, p. 1374) Ka\'bah is a square temple in the city of Mecca, which is the most sacred shrine of the Muslims. It is said to have been built by Adam and later on rebuilt by Abraham and Ishmael.
KABIR PANTHIS, followers of Kabir (1398-1448), a saint and reformer some of whose compositions have been included in Sikh Scripture, the Guru Granth Sahib. Kabir did not found any sect during his own lifetime; it was after his death that a math, called Kabir Chaura, was established by Surat Gopal, said to be the first missionary of the Kabirpanth, at Varanasi which had been Kablr`s seat for many years. His object was to propagate the teachings of his mentor. This math, known as bdp (father), with a branch establishment at Magahar, covered the states of the Punjab, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
